Baseline characteristics of GAZEL cohort men according to father’s and own mid-life occupational grade
| Own mid-life occupational grade | Father’s job | p Value† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High grade | Low grade | Unknown | |||||
| High →, n = 5587 | Low ↓, n = 624 | High ↑, n = 5678 | Low →, n = 1467 | High, n = 1273 | Low, n = 342 | ||
| BMI, body mass index; EDF-GDF, Electricité de France–Gaz de France. | |||||||
| →, stable socioeconomic circumstances; ↓, downward intergenerational mobility; ↑, upward intergenerational mobility. | |||||||
| ***p<0.001, comparing baseline characteristics across life-course trajectories. | |||||||
| †The causes of death were coded using the 10the version of the International Classification of Diseases: smoking-related cancers (C01–C14, C15, C25, C32, C34, C39, C67), circulatory system diseases (I00–I99) and external causes (V01–X84). | |||||||
| Age, years (mean, SD) | 44.0 (2.80) | 44.6 (2.72) | 44.9 (2.85) | 44.6 (2.89) | 45.2 (2.80) | 44.9 (2.96) | *** |
| Height <1.73 m (%) | 35.1 | 38.1 | 41.0 | 41.2 | 37.3 | 40.0 | *** |
| Missing data | 12.6 | 19.0 | 12.1 | 20.9 | 13.3 | 24.8 | |
| Educational level (%) | |||||||
| <High school | 61.4 | 94.2 | 79.5 | 97.9 | 74.4 | 97.1 | *** |
| ⩾High school | 38.7 | 5.8 | 20.5 | 2.1 | 25.6 | 2.9 | |
| Years at EDF-GDF (mean, SD) | 22.0 (5.33) | 19.6 (6.64) | 22.4 (5.50) | 19.0 (6.64) | 22.2 (5.37) | 18.6 (6.82) | *** |
| Low-grade job at hire (%) | 70.6 | 100 | 85.4 | 100 | 80.5 | 100 | *** |
| Marital status (%) | |||||||
| Married or with partner | 93.3 | 90.4 | 93.9 | 92.1 | 91.6 | 89.2 | *** |
| Single | 2.3 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 7.1 | |
| Separated or widowed | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 3.7 | |
| Cumulative smoking, pack-years (%) | |||||||
| Never smoker | 33.2 | 28.2 | 35.5 | 35.6 | 31.7 | 31.0 | *** |
| <10 | 17.7 | 14.1 | 16.6 | 14.7 | 16.1 | 16.4 | |
| 10–20 | 21.0 | 21.6 | 19.9 | 17.4 | 21.5 | 16.4 | |
| 20–40 | 20.6 | 25.6 | 19.8 | 22.9 | 20.7 | 24.0 | |
| ⩾40 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 6.4 | |
| Missing data | 2.2 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 5.8 | |
| Alcohol consumption, drinks/day (%) | |||||||
| 0 | 1.5 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.8 | *** |
| 1–2 | 67.9 | 56.4 | 67.6 | 56.6 | 67.8 | 55.5 | |
| 3–4 | 18.6 | 19.4 | 18.7 | 12.2 | 17.2 | 17.3 | |
| ⩾5 | 10.0 | 17.7 | 10.0 | 15.9 | 9.9 | 17.0 | |
| Missing data | 1.9 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 6.4 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 (%) | |||||||
| <20 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 3.5 | *** |
| 25–30 | 37.1 | 34.6 | 41.0 | 37.4 | 38.2 | 37.1 | |
| >30 | 4.1 | 5.9 | 4.2 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 7.9 | |
| Missing data | 12.8 | 19.0 | 12.3 | 21.0 | 13.4 | 24.9 | |
| Fruits and vegetables (%) | |||||||
| <Daily | 36.5 | 35.5 | 37.4 | 32.9 | 34.6 | 31.0 | *** |
| Missing data | 11.1 | 18.2 | 10.8 | 19.7 | 12.2 | 23.7 | |
| Poor self-rated health (%) | 11.1 | 17.8 | 12.5 | 17.0 | 13.3 | 23.3 | *** |
| Deaths (n)† | |||||||
| All-cause | 221 | 44 | 241 | 91 | 64 | 35 | |
| Smoking-related cancers | 32 | 8 | 41 | 18 | 11 | 5 | |
| Other cancers | 41 | 6 | 42 | 15 | 14 | 3 | |
| Circulatory system diseases | 36 | 8 | 20 | 23 | 11 | 2 | |
| External causes | 27 | 6 | 34 | 7 | 7 | 2 | |