Table 1

Shortest distances from births and deaths to selected map features

	Distances (km)
	−0.1	−0.2	−0.3	−0.5	−1.0	>1.0	0–0.3*	0–0.5*
*Cumulative birth-death ratios in the last two columns are “traverse limited” and refer to subsets of migrants who crossed the nominated distance boundary, either a circumference or a pair of parallel lines.
1. Bus stations
Births	12	113	92	224	374	4848	215	423
Deaths	3	14	18	52	249	5327	33	73
B/D ratio	4.00	8.07	5.11	4.31	1.50	0.91	6.52	5.79
2. Railway stations
Births	23	113	261	656	1350	3260	376	926
Deaths	23	65	111	308	1054	4102	178	380
B/D ratio	1.00	1.74	2.35	2.12	1.28	0.79	2.11	2.44
3. Railways
Births	257	490	476	1058	1316	2066	974	1509
Deaths	175	350	376	685	1443	2634	652	814
B/D ratio	1.47	1.40	1.27	1.54	0.91	0.78	1.49	1.85
4. Motorways
Births	9	18	17	61	290	5268	37	88
Deaths	6	18	33	97	284	5225	50	137
B/D ratio	1.50	1.00	0.52	0.63	1.02	1.01	0.74	0.64
5. A roads
Births	713	862	640	699	1142	1607	1533	1536
Deaths	336	627	519	831	1296	2054	800	936
B/D ratio	2.12	1.37	1.23	0.84	0.88	0.78	1.92	1.64
6. B roads
Births	509	579	513	704	1130	2228	1148	1322
Deaths	289	531	424	716	1251	2452	791	977
B/D ratio	1.76	1.09	1.21	0.98	0.90	0.91	1.45	1.35
7. Minor roads >4 m wide
Births	846	1027	819	915	754	1302	1144	806
Deaths	726	1165	886	1044	850	992	1231	1018
B/D ratio	1.17	0.88	0.92	0.88	0.89	1.31	0.93	0.79
8. Minor roads <4 m wide
Births	135	162	154	283	632	4297	332	472
Deaths	146	219	168	328	807	3995	414	599
B/D ratio	0.92	0.74	0.92	0.86	0.78	1.08	0.80	0.79
9. Canals
Births	58	64	79	166	466	4830	176	301
Deaths	28	49	73	154	339	5020	125	237
B/D ratio	2.07	1.31	1.08	1.08	1.37	0.96	1.41	1.27
10. Estuaries
Births	9	14	18	69	204	5349	38	98
Deaths	4	16	13	47	141	5442	30	68
B/D ratio	2.25	0.88	1.38	1.47	1.45	0.98	1.27	1.44
11. Other rivers
Births	172	287	370	812	1393	2629	663	1051
Deaths	169	286	355	747	1587	2519	644	968
B/D ratio	1.02	1.00	1.04	1.09	0.88	1.04	0.98	1.09