Risk factor prevalence
| Social class of chief income earner (p<0.0001) | Scottish (n = 2362) | English (n = 3702) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Waist-hip ratio values were classified, taking account of sex. Male waist-hip groups 1: 1, <0.80; 2, 0.80–0.84; 3, 0.85–0.89; 4, 0.90–0.94; 5, 0.95–0.99; 6, 1.00+. Female waist-hip groups 1: 1, <0.70; 2, 0.70–0.74; 3, 0.75–0.79; 4, 0.80–0.84; 5, 0.85–0.89; 6, 0.90+. SE, standard error. †The GHQ12 detects possible psychiatric morbidity. A score between 0 and 12 can be calculated and a threshold score of 4+ can be used to identify informants with a potential psychiatric disorder. | ||||
| I and II | 830 | 35.1 | 1464 | 39.5 |
| IIINM | 367 | 15.5 | 418 | 11.3 |
| IIIM | 636 | 26.9 | 1119 | 30.2 |
| IV and V | 529 | 22.4 | 701 | 18.9 |
| Employment status (p = 0.0006) | ||||
| Employed | 1101 | 46.6 | 1924 | 52.0 |
| Unemployed | 58 | 2.5 | 72 | 1.9 |
| Retired | 819 | 34.7 | 1148 | 31.0 |
| Other economically inactive | 384 | 16.3 | 558 | 15.1 |
| Summary physical activity level (p<0.0001) | ||||
| Low | 1092 | 46.2 | 1411 | 38.1 |
| Medium | 703 | 29.8 | 1261 | 34.1 |
| High | 567 | 24.0 | 1030 | 27.8 |
| Smoking status (p<0.0001) | ||||
| Never smoked | 879 | 37.2 | 1324 | 35.8 |
| Used to smoke occasionally | 81 | 3.4 | 224 | 6.0 |
| Used to smoke regularly | 675 | 28.6 | 1331 | 35.9 |
| Current smoker: <10 a day | 97 | 4.1 | 188 | 5.1 |
| Current smoker 10–20 a day | 291 | 12.3 | 324 | 8.7 |
| Current smoker >20 a day | 339 | 14.4 | 312 | 8.4 |
| Alcohol consumption (p<0.0001) | ||||
| 1–21 units per week | 1326 | 56.1 | 2202 | 59.5 |
| 22–34 units per week | 209 | 8.8 | 372 | 10.0 |
| 35+ units per week | 169 | 7.2 | 290 | 7.8 |
| Never drunk/occasional/<1 unit a week | 513 | 21.7 | 700 | 18.9 |
| Former drinker | 145 | 6.1 | 138 | 3.7 |
| Waist hip ratio* (p = 0.6035) | ||||
| Group 1 | 37 | 1.6 | 65 | 1.8 |
| Group 2 | 211 | 8.9 | 344 | 9.3 |
| Group 3 | 575 | 24.4 | 869 | 23.5 |
| Group 4 | 741 | 31.4 | 1160 | 31.3 |
| Group 5 | 484 | 20.5 | 812 | 21.9 |
| Group 6 | 313 | 13.3 | 451 | 12.2 |
| Mean fibrinogen (g/l) (p<0.0001) | 2.95 | (SE) 0.01 | 2.83 | (SE) 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) (p = 0.6253) | 3.87 | (SE) 0.13 | 3.69 | (SE) 0.11 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) (p = 0.6436) | 1.46 | (SE) 0.01 | 1.45 | (SE) 0.01 |
| C reactive protein (mg/l) (p = 0.3042) | 5.93 | (SE) 0.02 | 5.94 | (SE) 0.02 |
| Mean systolic BP (mm Hg) (p = 0.3115) | 138.98 | (SE) 0.41 | 139.51 | (SE) 0.32 |
| Mean diastolic BP (mm Hg) (p<0.0001) | 76.54 | (SE) 0.24 | 77.89 | (SE) 0.20 |
| Height (cm) (p = 0.0158) | 165.77 | (SE) 0.19 | 166.36 | (SE) 0.15 |
| Breathlessness (p<0.0001) | ||||
| None | 1611 | 68.2 | 2730 | 73.8 |
| Grade 1 | 464 | 19.6 | 629 | 17.0 |
| Grade 2 | 287 | 12.2 | 342 | 9.2 |
| Phlegm (p<0.0001) | ||||
| Morning | 345 | 14.6 | 368 | 9.9 |
| Other | 11 | 0.5 | 20 | 0.5 |
| None | 2005 | 84.9 | 3314 | 89.5 |
| Wheezing (p = 0.0636) | ||||
| Wheeze | 513 | 21.7 | 731 | 19.7 |
| No wheeze | 1849 | 78.3 | 2971 | 80.3 |
| Psychological distress (p = 0.0012)† | ||||
| GHQ score 0 | 1432 | 60.6 | 2414 | 65.2 |
| 1–3 | 578 | 24.5 | 817 | 22.1 |
| 4+ | 353 | 14.9 | 472 | 12.7 |