Presence of parent reported chronic conditions in subgroups of the regional sample | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No conditions | Asthma | Asthma versus no conditions | Headaches | Headaches versus no conditions | Problems with hearing | Problems with hearing versus no conditions | |
n = 954 mean (SD) | n = 134 mean (SD) | Effect size d* | n = 42 mean (SD) | Effect size d* | n = 38 mean (SD) | Effect size d* | |
*Difference of the means divided by SD in the subgroup with a condition31; †p<0.05 (two sided Mann-Whitney U test of differences between the subgroup with a given condition compared with the subgroup with no conditions); ‡p<0.01 (two sided Mann-Whitney U test of differences between the subgroup with a given condition compared with the subgroup with no conditions); §physical and psychosocial CHQ summary measures based on a factor analytical model of a US population sample; a score of 50 represents the mean in the general US population; scores above/below 50 are above/below the average in the US reference population11; ¶indicates a small effect (0.20⩽d<0.50)31; **indicates a medium effect (0.50⩽d<0.80)31; ††indicates a large effect (d⩾0.80).31 | |||||||
CHQ-PF28 scales (range 0–100): | |||||||
Physical functioning | 98 (10) | 90 (15)‡ | 0.55** | 86 (29)‡ | 0.40¶ | 92 (19)‡ | 0.33¶ |
Role funct-emo/behave | 97 (12) | 94 (18)† | 0.18 | 89 (23)‡ | 0.34¶ | 89 (22)‡ | 0.36¶ |
Role function-physical | 97 (11) | 91 (19)‡ | 0.34¶ | 90 (21)‡ | 0.36¶ | 88 (22)‡ | 0.43¶ |
Bodily pain | 84 (15) | 73 (22)‡ | 0.49¶ | 64 (21)‡ | 0.92†† | 69 (23)‡ | 0.65** |
General behaviour | 71 (15) | 68 (18)† | 0.20¶ | 62 (17)‡ | 0.57** | 57 (17)‡ | 0.87†† |
Mental health | 82 (15) | 78 (15)‡ | 0.23¶ | 76 (17)† | 0.34¶ | 74 (15)‡ | 0.51** |
Self esteem | 78 (15) | 75 (16) | 0.16 | 72 (14)† | 0.41¶ | 70 (16)‡ | 0.50** |
General health | 88 (14) | 69 (22)‡ | 0.85†† | 76 (20)‡ | 0.61** | 71 (21)‡ | 0.80†† |
Parental-emotional | 88 (15) | 80 (19)‡ | 0.44¶ | 74 (23)‡ | 0.58** | 69 (24)‡ | 0.79** |
Parental-time | 95 (12) | 91 (16)‡ | 0.25¶ | 88 (21)‡ | 0.36¶ | 90 (15)† | 0.32¶ |
Family activities | 90 (16) | 86 (19)‡ | 0.24¶ | 81 (23)‡ | 0.41¶ | 78 (22)‡ | 0.56** |
Family cohesion | 70 (19) | 67 (20) | 0.12 | 63 (20)† | 0.33¶ | 63 (19)† | 0.36¶ |
Physical summary§ | 57 (6) | 50 (10)‡ | 0.72** | 49 (13)‡ | 0.58** | 51 (11)‡ | 0.57** |
Psychosocial summary§ | 52 (8) | 51 (9) | 0.16 | 48 (9)‡ | 0.48¶ | 46 (9)‡ | 0.71** |