Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the relation of parental socioeconomic position (as reported in 1968) and all cause mortality (followed up from 1968 to 2002) in cohort members (men born in 1953), cohort member’s mothers, and cohort member’s fathers
| Total number/deaths | Crude hazard ratio | Adjusted* hazard ratio | Adjusted* hazard ratio | Adjusted* hazard ratio | Adjusted* hazard ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Adjusted for the variables within the column for the respective family member. †Estimates per unit decrease in measure based on car ownership, summer cottage, owner occupied accommodation. ‡Estimates per unit decrease in measure based on whether parent read books and newspapers, and number of books in the home. §Deaths age 15–35 years; ¶deaths 36–49 years. | ||||||
| Cohort members (men born in 1953) | ||||||
| Paternal social class | ||||||
| High/middle class | 1552/93 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Working class | 987/91 | 1.51(1.14 to 2.03) | 1.42(1.05 to 1.93) | 1.25(0.91 to 1.72) | 1.34(0.99 to 1.84) | 1.20(0.87 to 1.66) |
| Unknown | 351/40 | 1.94(1.34 to 2.81) | 1.89(1.29 to 2.74) | 1.48(0.98 to 2.29) | 1.76(1.20 to 2.60) | 1.42(0.94 to 2.17) |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| Secondary | 1226/79 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Basic | 1657/145 | 1.35(1.02 to 1.78) | 1.20(0.90 to 1.60) | 1.14(0.86 to 1.33) | 1.10(0.81 to 1.50) | 1.08(0.79 to 1.47) |
| Unknown | 7/0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Childhood | ||||||
| Material wealth (0–3)† | 1.24(0.99 to 1.55)§ | 1.13(0.88 to 1.46)§ | 1.02(0.87 to 1.45)§ | |||
| Material wealth (0–3)† | 1.43(1.20 to 1.82)¶ | 1.34(1.06 to 1.69)¶ | 1.32(1.04 to 1.97)¶ | |||
| Intellectual climate (0–5)‡ | 1.16(1.05 to 1.28) | 1.09(0.97 to 1.22) | 1.06(0.95 to 1.20) | |||
| Mothers of cohort members | ||||||
| Paternal social class | ||||||
| High/middle class | 1149/374 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Working class | 841/306 | 1.35(1.16 to 1.57) | 1.31(1.13 to 1.53) | 1.23(1.05 to 1.44) | 1.22(1.04 to 1.43) | 1.17(0.99 to 1.37) |
| Unknown | 49/18 | 1.46(0.91 to 2.35) | 1.48(0.91 to 2.38) | 1.36(0.84 to 2.19) | 1.46(0.90 to 2.34) | 1.34(0.83 to 2.16) |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| Secondary | 220/58 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Basic | 1724/605 | 1.34(1.03 to 1.76) | 1.20(0.94 to 1.63) | 1.15(0.70 to 1.64) | 1.06(0.80 to 1.41) | 1.03(0.77 to 1.37) |
| Unknown | 95/35 | 1.21(0.79 to 1.84) | 1.15(0.76 to 1.76) | 1.07(0.70 to 1.64) | 1.01(0.66 to 1.41) | 0.97(0.63 to 1.49) |
| Adult | ||||||
| Material wealth (0–3)† | 1.25(1.15 to 1.36) | 1.21(1.11 to 1.32) | 1.16(1.07 to 1.28) | |||
| Intellectual climate (0–5)‡ | 1.35(1.09 to 1.22) | 1.13(1.06 to 1.20) | 1.10(1.03 to 1.17) | |||
| Fathers of cohort members | ||||||
| Paternal social class | ||||||
| High/middle class | 1037/593 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Working class | 706/414 | 1.18(1.04 to 1.35) | 1.18(1.04 to 1.34) | 1.08(0.94 to 1.24) | 1.13(0.99 to 1.28) | 1.06(0.93 to 1.21) |
| Unknown | 82/52 | 1.45(1.09 to 1.92) | 1.36(1.01 to 1.83) | 1.19(0.88 to 1.62) | 1.28(0.95 to 1.73) | 1.16(0.86 to 1.57) |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| Secondary | 153/77 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Basic | 1508/872 | 1.23(0.97 to 1.56) | 1.15(0.90 to 1.46) | 1.06(0.84 to 1.35) | 1.00(0.79 to 1.29) | 0.97(0.76 to 1.24) |
| Unknown | 164/110 | 1.39(1.05 to 1.87) | 1.28(0.95 to 1.73) | 1.18(0.87 to 1.60) | 1.14(0.84 to 1.55) | 1.09(0.81 to 1.49) |
| Adult | ||||||
| Material wealth (0–3)† | 1.26(1.18 to 1.34) | 1.24(1.15 to 1.33) | 1.20(1.12 to 1.29) | |||
| Intellectual climate (0–5)‡ | 1.12(1.08 to 1.18) | 1.27(0.94 to 1.72) | 1.08(1.03 to 1.14) | |||