Sex specific hazard ratios for all cause mortality according to neighbourhood unemployment before and after adjustment for individual socioeconomic indicators
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1* | Model 2 | Model 1* | Model 2 | |
| *Model 1: adjusted for age, model 2: additionally adjusted for education and occupation. †Percentage reduction calculated as 100×((RRmodel A−RRmodel B)/(RRmodel A−1)) in the quartiles of most unemployment. | ||||
| ARIC | ||||
| 1 (least unemployment) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 1.11 (0.88 to 1.41) | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.38) | 1.41 (0.99 to 2.01) | 1.40 (1.00 to 1.97) |
| 3 | 1.36 (1.08 to 1.71) | 1.29 (1.03 to 1.61) | 1.44 (1.05 to 1.97) | 1.38 (1.01 to 1.88) |
| 4 (most unemployment) | 1.32 (1.04 to 1.68) | 1.21 (0.96 to 1.53) | 1.75 (1.28 to 2.40) | 1.63 (1.20 to 2.22) |
| Percentage reduction in hazard ratio† | 34 | 16 | ||
| GLOBE | ||||
| 1 (least unemployment) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 1.22 (0.97 to 1.55) | 1.12 (0.89 to 1.41) | 1.23 (0.86 to 1.77) | 1.13 (0.80 to 1.61) |
| 3 | 1.22 (0.91 to 1.54) | 1.11 (0.84 to 1.47) | 1.36 (0.91 to 2.02) | 1.26 (0.85 to 1.87) |
| 4 (most unemployment) | 1.67 (1.25 to 2.22) | 1.46 (1.09 to 1.95) | 1.33 (0.83 to 2.13) | 1.19 (0.77 to 1.85) |
| Percentage reduction in hazard ratio | 31 | 42 | ||
| Whitehall II | ||||
| 1 (least unemployment) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 1.17 (0.83 to 1.65) | 1.05 (0.71 to 1.56) | 0.92 (0.46 to 1.86) | 1.10 (0.50 to 2.43) |
| 3 | 1.40 (1.00 to 1.98) | 1.21 (0.83 to 1.76) | 0.77 (0.44 to 1.50) | 0.78 (0.36 to 1.66) |
| 4 (most unemployment) | 1.70 (1.22 to 2.36) | 1.19 (0.79 to 1.78) | 1.39 (0.78 to 2.46) | 1.26 (0.64 to 2.46) |
| Percentage reduction in hazard ratio | 73 | 33 | ||
| Helsinki | ||||
| 1 (least unemployment) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 2 | 1.21 (1.08 to 1.35) | 1.14 (1.03 to 1.25) | ||
| 3 | 1.34 (1.20 to 1.50) | 1.22 (1.11 to 1.34) | ||
| 4 (most unemployment) | 1.67 (1.50 to 1.86) | 1.41 (1.28 to 1.55) | ||
| Percentage reduction in hazard ratio | 39 | |||
| Turin | ||||
| 1 (least unemployment) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 1.09 (1.03 to 1.16) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.09) | 1.06 (0.95 to 1.13) | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.10) |
| 3 | 1.20 (1.14 to 1.27) | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.18) | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.21) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) |
| 4 (most unemployment) | 1.28 (1.23 to 1.35) | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.21) | 1.16 (1.09 to 1.24) | 1.12 (1.05 to 1.20) |
| Percentage reduction in hazard ratio | 50 | 25 | ||
| Madrid | ||||
| 1 Least unemployment | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 1.16 (1.00 to 1.32) | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.19) | 1.12 (0.98 to 1.26) | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.18) |
| 3 | 1.25 (1.07 to 1.45) | 1.10 (0.99 to 1.21) | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.30) | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.20) |
| 4 Most unemployment | 1.52 (1.30 to 1.77) | 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) | 1.35 (1.20 to 1.52) | 1.24 (1.13 to 1.36) |
| Percentage reduction in hazard ratio | 46 | 31 | ||