Demographic characteristics of the participants by sex and downsizing status
| Men (n = 12240) | Women (n = 10319) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number* | % | Downsizing | Number* | % | Downsizing | |||
| No (%) | Yes (%) | No (%) | Yes (%) | |||||
| The p values in bold type are below 0.004 (Bonferoni adjustment); all p values result from Pearson’s χ2 test. *Number of cases varies slightly because of item non-response (0.2%–0.6% per item). | ||||||||
| Downsizing | ||||||||
| No | 10495 | 85.7 | 9058 | 87.8 | ||||
| Yes | 1725 | 14.1 | 1246 | 12.1 | ||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 15–29 | 1900 | 15.5 | 16.4 | 10.5 | 1795 | 17.4 | 18.1 | 12.4 |
| 30–39 | 4335 | 35.5 | 35.7 | 34.4 | 3394 | 32.9 | 33.1 | 31.8 |
| 40–49 | 3583 | 29.3 | 29.0 | 31.5 | 3204 | 31.1 | 30.6 | 34.7 |
| 50–59 | 2402 | 19.7 | 19.0 | 23.6 | 1911 | 18.5 | 18.2 | 21.1 |
| p value ⩽ | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Residency | ||||||||
| West Germany | 10070 | 82.4 | 83.0 | 79.1 | 8090 | 78.4 | 78.9 | 75.4 |
| East Germany | 2150 | 17.6 | 17.0 | 20.9 | 2214 | 21.5 | 21.1 | 24.6 |
| p value ⩽ | 0.001 | 0.004 | ||||||
| Education | ||||||||
| Lower secondary | 1165 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 8.0 | 1184 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 8.4 |
| Upper secondary | 7116 | 58.2 | 58.9 | 54.0 | 6409 | 62.2 | 62.4 | 60.7 |
| Post-secondary and tertiary | 3939 | 32.2 | 31.3 | 38.0 | 2710 | 26.3 | 25.7 | 30.9 |
| p value ⩽ | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Occupational status | ||||||||
| Blue collar | 5844 | 47.8 | 48.1 | 46.0 | 1670 | 16.2 | 16.6 | 13.2 |
| White collar | 6376 | 52.2 | 51.9 | 54.0 | 8634 | 83.8 | 83.4 | 86.8 |
| p value ⩽ | 0.107 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Effort-reward imbalance | ||||||||
| Low (1–3 quartile) | 9078 | 74.5 | 78.2 | 52.1 | 7767 | 75.7 | 79.4 | 49.2 |
| High (4 quartile) | 3109 | 25.5 | 21.8 | 47.9 | 2490 | 24.3 | 20.6 | 50.8 |
| p value ⩽ | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||