Fetal life
| | | | |
Birth weight (kg)* | 165 | 3.42 (0.47) | 212 | 3.38 (0.51) |
Infancy and childhood
| | | | |
Duration of breast feeding (months) | 163 | 3.99 (3.90) | 206 | 3.94 (3.91) |
Age at menarche (years) | – | – | 194 | 13.0 (1.50) |
Number of acute infections in childhood(up to age 15 years) | 142 | 16.3 (8.14) | 177 | 15.9 (6.96) |
Childhood growth (change in z scores:birth and 9 years) | 129 | −0.59 (1.34) | 160 | −0.77 (1.36) |
Adulthood
| | | | |
Lifetime cigarette smoking (pack years)up to age 49–51 years† | 109 | 24.4 (16.8) | 113 | 16.6 (11.2) |
Height at age 49–51 years (m) | 165 | 1.73 (0.06) | 212 | 1.61 (0.06) |
Weight at age 49–51 years (kg) | 165 | 81.4 (13.0) | 212 | 69.4 (14.1) |
Total adult dietary vitamin C (mg) at age 49–51 years | 160 | 104.9 (61.8) | 203 | 121.8 (56.7) |
Total adult dietary vitamin D (μg) at age 49–51 years | 160 | 3.78 (2.41) | 203 | 3.34 (1.92) |
Total adult dietary protein (g) at age 49–51 years | 160 | 89.6 (26.0) | 203 | 82.3 (25.7) |
Total adult dietary calcium (g) at age 49–51 years | 160 | 988.2 (331.1) | 203 | 951.4 (312.5) |
Indicators of bone health at age 49–51 years
| | | | |
Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 165 | 1.03 (0.13) | 212 | 1.05 (0.14) |
Total hip BMD (g/cm2) | 165 | 1.01 (0.14) | 211 | 0.96 (0.13) |
Bone area (cm2) | 165 | 110.7 (9.49) | 211 | 90.6 (7.44) |
Femoral neck shaft angle (degrees) | 165 | 129.6 (3.30) | 212 | 128.0 (3.33) |