Combined effects of control over days off with sources of stress: adjusted* rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for medically certified sickness absences by level of control over days off combined with level of job demands, job control, job strain, and effort-reward imbalance
| Control over days off | p for inter-action | Control over days off | p for inter- | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual measures | Workplace aggregates | ||||||
| good | poor | good | poor | action | |||
| *Adjusted for age, level of education, occupational status, types of work contract and work schedule, marital status and dependent children, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and overweight. | |||||||
| Women | |||||||
| Job | 1 low | 1.00 | 1.06(0.98,1.16) | 0.131 | 1.00 | 1.11(1.02,1.20) | 0.353 |
| demands | 2 | 1.05(0.98,1.13) | 1.19(1.10,1.28) | 1.05(0.98,1.14) | 1.23(1.14,1.33) | ||
| 3 | 1.04(0.96,1.12) | 1.25(1.16,1.34) | 1.12(1.04,1.21) | 1.22(1.13,1.32) | |||
| 4 high | 1.24(1.15,1.34) | 1.34(1.25,1.44) | 1.28(1.19,1.38) | 1.36(1.26,1.46) | |||
| Job | 4 high | 1.00 | 1.11(1.03,1.19) | 0.003 | 1.00 | 1.06(0.98,1.14) | <0.001 |
| control | 3 | 1.00(0.93,1.08) | 1.00(0.92,1.08) | 0.97(0.90,1.05) | 1.00(0.93,1.08) | ||
| 2 | 1.06(0.98,1.14) | 1.25(1.16,1.34) | 1.09(1.01,1.17) | 1.19(1.11,1.28) | |||
| 1 low | 1.02(0.94,1.10) | 1.23(1.14,1.33) | 1.00(0.92,1.08) | 1.27(1.17,1.37) | |||
| Job | Low strain | 1.00 | 1.03(0.95,1.11) | 0.037 | 1.00 | 1.07(0.99,1.16) | 0.029 |
| strain | Active job | 1.06(0.99,1.15) | 1.13(1.05,1.22) | 1.11(1.02,1.20) | 1.14(1.05,1.23) | ||
| Passive job | 1.01(0.94,1.09) | 1.17(1.08,1.26) | 1.02(0.95,1.10) | 1.23(1.13,1.33) | |||
| High strain | 1.15(1.06,1.25) | 1.36(1.27,1.46) | 1.23(1.14,1.33) | 1.37(1.28,1.48) | |||
| Effort- | 1 low | 1.00 | 1.15(1.05,1.27) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 1.08(0.99,1.19) | 0.251 |
| reward | 2 | 1.03(0.95,1.12) | 1.08(1.00,1.18) | 0.95(0.88,1.04) | 1.12(1.03,1.21) | ||
| imbalance | 3 | 1.07(0.99,1.16) | 1.13(1.04,1.22) | 1.01(0.93,1.10) | 1.14(1.05,1.24) | ||
| 4 high | 1.12(1.02,1.22) | 1.43(1.32,1.55) | 1.23(1.13,1.33) | 1.30(1.19,1.41) | |||
| Men | |||||||
| Job | 1 low | 1.00 | 1.06(0.91,1.23) | 0.019 | 1.00 | 0.87(0.75,1.01) | 0.230 |
| demands | 2 | 1.14(1.00,1.30) | 1.12(0.98,1.28) | 1.09(0.95,1.25) | 0.98(0.85,1.12) | ||
| 3 | 1.06(0.91,1.23) | 1.34(1.17,1.54) | 1.08(0.93,1.26) | 1.12(0.97,1.28) | |||
| 4 high | 1.24(1.06,1.46) | 1.13(0.96,1.32) | 1.05(0.89,1.25) | 1.10(0.94,1.28) | |||
| Job | 4 high | 1.00 | 1.15(0.98,1.34) | 0.366 | 1.00 | 1.03(0.88,1.21) | 0.212 |
| control | 3 | 1.02(0.88,1.19) | 1.05(0.89,1.23) | 1.09(0.93,1.28) | 0.90(0.76,1.07) | ||
| 2 | 1.06(0.92,1.23) | 1.01(0.87,1.17) | 1.05(0.90,1.22) | 0.96(0.82,1.12) | |||
| 1 low | 1.19(1.02,1.39) | 1.28(1.11,1.47) | 1.21(1.03,1.42) | 1.20(1.03,1.39) | |||
| Job | Low strain | 1.00 | 0.98(0.83,1.15) | 0.115 | 1.00 | 0.87(0.75,1.02) | 0.263 |
| strain | Active job | 0.94(0.81,1.09) | 1.15(0.99,1.35) | 0.97(0.82,1.14) | 0.97(0.84,1.14) | ||
| Passive job | 0.99(0.86,1.13) | 1.04(0.91,1.19) | 1.02(0.83,1.17) | 0.91(0.79,1.05) | |||
| High strain | 1.23(1.05,1.44) | 1.17(1.02,1.35) | 1.10(0.93,1.30) | 1.16(1.00,1.34) | |||
| Effort- | 1 low | 1.00 | 0.97(0.82,1.15) | 0.051 | 1.00 | 1.06(0.89,1.25) | 0.154 |
| reward | 2 | 0.98(0.84,1.13) | 1.20(1.04,1.40) | 1.12(0.95,1.31) | 1.13(0.97,1.32) | ||
| imbalance | 3 | 1.10(0.95,1.28) | 1.07(0.92,1.24) | 1.22(1.05,1.43) | 1.05(0.90,1.23) | ||
| 4 high | 1.39(1.18,1.64) | 1.38(1.18,1.61) | 1.57(1.33,1.85) | 1.37(1.17,1.61) | |||