Relations of background variables with measures of worktime control
| Number (%) | Control over daily working hours* | Control over days off† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD) | p value‡ | mean (SD) | p value‡ | |||
| *Control over the length of a workday and the starting and ending times of a workday, range 1–5. †Control over the taking and timing of vacations and other paid and unpaid leave, range 1–5. ‡Analyses of variance. | ||||||
| Gender | Men | 4012 (25) | 2.41 (1.3) | <0.001 | 3.19 (1.1) | 0.354 |
| Women | 12127 (75) | 2.27 (1.1) | 3.17 (1.0) | |||
| Age group | 18–39 | 4967 (31) | 2.30 (1.1) | 0.006 | 3.12 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| 40–49 | 5650 (35) | 2.34 (1.2) | 3.28 (1.0) | |||
| 50–64 | 5522 (34) | 2.27 (1.2) | 3.13 (1.1) | |||
| Marital status | Married or cohabiting | 12298 (77) | 2.31 (1.2) | 0.373 | 3.18 (1.0) | 0.791 |
| Single, separated, widowed | 3689 (23) | 2.29 (1.2) | 3.18 (1.0) | |||
| Family type | No children | 7378 (46) | 2.31 (1.2) | 0.002 | 3.17 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Child(ren) 0–6 years | 2149 (13) | 2.22 (1.2) | 3.12 (1.0) | |||
| Child(ren) 7–18 years | 4789 (30) | 2.34 (1.2) | 3.24 (1.0) | |||
| Children 0–18 years | 1682 (11) | 2.29 (1.1) | 3.16 (1.0) | |||
| Level of | University | 4953 (32) | 2.57 (1.2) | <0.001 | 2.82 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| education | College | 5800 (37) | 2.46 (1.2) | 3.44 (0.9) | ||
| Vocational | 2964 (19) | 1.88 (1.0) | 3.27 (0.9) | |||
| None | 1879 (12) | 1.88 (1.0) | 3.17 (1.0) | |||
| Occupational | Upper white collar | 6577 (42) | 2.54 (1.2) | <0.001 | 2.92 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| status | Lower white collar | 6797 (43) | 2.27 (1.2) | 3.46 (0.9) | ||
| Manual worker | 2468 (16) | 1.76 (1.0) | 3.11 (1.0) | |||
| Permanent | Yes | 13164 (82) | 2.29 (1.2) | <0.001 | 3.24 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| employment | No | 2863 (18) | 2.38 (1.2) | 2.92 (1.1) | ||
| Schedule type | Mon–Fri daytime hours only | 12749 (80) | 2.39 (1.2) | <0.001 | 3.19 (1.1) | 0.005 |
| Also evening/weekend shifts | 1937 (12) | 2.15 (1.1) | 3.19 (1.0) | |||
| Also night shifts | 1195 (8) | 1.69 (1.0) | 3.09 (1.0) | |||
| Smoking | No | 12990 (83) | 2.31 (1.2) | 0.313 | 3.16 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 2696 (17) | 2.28 (1.2) | 3.25 (1.0) | |||
| Consumption of | Low, ⩽200 g/week | 12564 (88) | 2.31 (1.2) | <0.001 | 3.18 (1.0) | 0.079 |
| alcohol | High, >200 g/week | 1696 (12) | 2.42 (1.3) | 3.23 (1.1) | ||
| Overweight | No, BMI⩽27 | 12030 (76) | 2.30 (1.2) | 0.375 | 3.16 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Yes, BMI>27 | 3799 (24) | 2.32 (1.2) | 3.24 (1.0) | |||
| Sedentary | No, ⩾30 min fast walking/week | 13761 (86) | 2.31 (1.2) | 0.906 | 3.18 (1.0) | 0.138 |
| lifestyle | Yes, <30 min | 2211 (14) | 2.30 (1.3) | 3.15 (1.1) | ||
| Job control | 4 high | 4538 (28) | 2.67 (1.2) | <0.001 | 3.28 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| 3 | 3797 (24) | 2.38 (1.2) | 3.20 (1.0) | |||
| 2 | 4173 (26) | 2.17 (1.1) | 3.16 (1.0) | |||
| 1 low | 3529 (22) | 1.91 (1.0) | 3.04 (1.0) | |||
| Job demands | 1 low | 3911 (24) | 2.29 (1.2) | 0.427 | 3.37 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 4318 (27) | 2.29 (1.2) | 3.21 (1.0) | |||
| 3 | 4182 (26) | 2.32 (1.2) | 3.10 (1.0) | |||
| 4 high | 3617 (23) | 2.33 (1.2) | 3.04 (1.1) | |||
| Job strain | low strain | 4113 (26) | 2.47 (1.2) | <0.001 | 3.31 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| situations | active job | 4210 (26) | 2.60 (1.2) | 3.18 (1.1) | ||
| passive job | 4107 (26) | 2.11 (1.1) | 3.26 (0.9) | |||
| high strain | 3582 (22) | 1.99 (1.1) | 2.94 (1.0) | |||
| Effort-reward | 1 low | 3046 (19) | 2.46 (1.2) | <0.001 | 3.29 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| imbalance | 2 | 4783 (30) | 2.41 (1.2) | 3.26 (1.0) | ||
| 3 | 4888 (31) | 2.25 (1.2) | 3.15 (1.0) | |||
| 4 high | 3283 (21) | 2.10 (1.2) | 3.00 (1.1) | |||