Descriptive summary measures of city level outcome and predictor variables
| Mean (SD) | Range | Median | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *US dollars. | |||
| Mortality: | |||
| Death rates, all cause per 100000 | 539.50 (112.67) | 311.11–946.73 | 529.96 |
| Death rates attributable to preventable or immediate causes, per 100000 | 98.20 (31.97) | 44.00–236.41 | 90.0 |
| Poverty measures: | |||
| Gini coefficient | 0.33 (0.03) | 0.26–0.42 | 0.33 |
| % Of families in poverty | 13.83 (5.43) | 3.3–29 | 13.1 |
| Population measures: | |||
| Total city population | 400946 (723111) | 101082–7322564 | 221275 |
| Density of population | 4204 (3340) | 133–23705 | 3050 |
| % Of families who are non-Hispanic black | 23.89 (18.55) | 0.56–84.11 | 19.45 |
| Per capita city spending*: | |||
| Health | $58.06 (50.44) | 0–$1234.56 | $16.86 |
| Police | $142.10 (54.42) | $55.08–$443.54 | $131.98 |
| Roads | $87.35 (44.27) | $4.02–$236.08 | $77.30 |
| Waste | $136.03 (82.48) | $14.37–$503.43 | $117.11 |
| Fire | $89.39 (27.98) | $42.44–$174.52 | $84.05 |
| Welfare | $37.77 (132.59) | 0–$1137.48 | 0 |
| Education | $167.32 (371.80) | 0–$1661.54 | 0 |