Multilevel regression estimates (β and CI) for effects of neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage (NSD) on CBCL and YSR scores (T1 and T2 combined)
| CBCL (n=2496) | YSR (n=2329) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Problems | Internalising | Externalising | Total Problems | Internalising | Externalising | |
| CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; YSR, Youth Self-Report; β, regression coefficient; CI, 95% confidence intervals; child gender, 0= male, 1= female. | ||||||
| *p<0.05, | ||||||
| **p<0.01, | ||||||
| ***p<0.001. | ||||||
| (a) Initial model | ||||||
| NSD | 2.41*** (1.67 to 3.15) | 0.47*** (0.22 to 0.72) | 0.86*** (0.55 to 1.17) | 2.13*** (1.09 to 3.17) | 0.70*** (0.32 to 1.07) | 0.64*** (0.32 to 0.95) |
| (b) Model adjusted for confounders | ||||||
| Family SES | ||||||
| Occupation | −1.31*** (−1.89 to −0.72) | −0.17 (−0.39 to 0.05) | −0.43** (−0.69 to −0.16) | −0.56 (−1.20 to 0.08) | −0.19 (−0.43 to 0.04) | −0.11 (−0.32 to 0.10) |
| Education | −0.32 (−1.29 to 0.67) | −0.05 (−0.40 to 0.31) | −0.25 (−0.67 to 0.18) | −1.07* (−2.14 to 0.004) | −0.25 (−0.64 to 0.15) | −0.45* (−0.80 to −0.10) |
| Child gender | −2.67*** (−3.98 to −1.36) | 0.42 (−0.04 to 0.88) | −1.96*** (−2.50 to −1.40) | −0.95 (−2.37 to 0.47) | 1.01*** (0.48 to 1.54) | −1.53*** (−2.00 to −1.06) |
| Child age | −0.37** (−0.65 to −0.09) | −0.03 (−0.15 to 0.08) | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.04) | 2.97*** (2.57 to 3.37) | 0.73*** (0.58 to 0.88) | 1.16*** (1.02 to 1.30) |
| NSD | 1.73*** (0.97 to 2.50) | 0.39** (0.12 to 0.66) | 0.65*** (0.32 to 0.97) | 1.73*** (0.74 to 2.72) | 0.58** (0.22 to 0.94) | 0.52*** (0.23 to 0.82) |
| Improvement (χ2) after addition of NSD to the model (df=1) | 19.70*** | 8.04** | 15.37*** | 10.99*** | 9.27** | 11.37*** |
| Estimated neighbourhood level variance (in empty model) | 4.11* | 0.07 | 0.45 | 4.99* | 1.00** | 0.62* |
| % of total variance | 1.6% | 0.2% | 1.0% | 1.6% | 2.2% | 1.6% |