Sample size: total | 195 | 195 | 390 |
Paris | 49 | 49 | 98 |
Grenoble | 33 | 33 | 66 |
Clermont-Ferrand | 17 | 17 | 34 |
Toulouse | 53 | 53 | 106 |
Nice | 43 | 43 | 86 |
Age (years; average (SD)) | 7.3 (2.5) | 7.1 (2.3) | 7.2 (2.5) |
Age at asthma diagnosis | 5.5 (2.7) | – | – |
Sex ratio | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.08 |
Sibling (%) |
none | 16.4 | 10.3 | 13.3 |
one | 48.7 | 52.8 | 50.8 |
two or more | 34.9 | 37.0 | 35.9 |
Allergy (% based on questionnaires) |
Personal | 58.6 | 37.7 | 48.2 |
Father | 42.4 | 36.5 | 39.5 |
Mother | 42.9 | 27.8 | 35.4 |
Atopy (at least one positive skin prick tests (%)) | 69.9 | 22.2 | 46.2 |
Social category of parents (mother and/or father;%) |
Blue collars and employees | 45.7 | 27.2 | 36.5 |
Clerks and intellectual professions | 33.3 | 53.8 | 43.5 |
Intermediate social categories | 21.1 | 19.0 | 20.0 |
ETS during pregnancy (%) | 16.9 | 12.8 | 14.9 |
Cumulative exposure to parental smoking at home (cigarettes years: average (SD)) |
Mother | 67.9 (71.1) | 44.6 (35.5) | 56.7 (57.8) |
Father | 84.2 (76.2) | 65.1 (53.4) | 75.1 (66.7) |
Day care attendance (%) | 42.6 | 47.7 | 45.1 |
Cumulative exposure to sources of exposure at home (months: average (SD)) |
Gas for heating | 52.4 (31.5) | 57.9 (33.1) | 55.1 (32.3) |
Gas for cooking | 60.9 (30.2) | 64.9 (32.7) | 62.9 (31.5) |
Pets | 60.9 (35.5) | 68.2 (38.1) | 64.7 (36.9) |
Reports of humidity | 56.4 (29.9) | 59.7 (33.1) | 57.8 (31.3) |