Associations between sickness absence and later disability pension granted below age 55 among municipal employees, 10-town study, Finland
| Sex and measure of sickness absence* | Number of participants (number of disability pensions) | Hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ | ||
| *Based on data from three consecutive years at work; †adjusted for age in five year categories, occupational status, income level, type of employment contract, and town; ‡subgroup analysis after exclusion of employees who reached the age of 55 or died (n = 5007) or retired (n = 447) in the two years immediately after the assessment of sickness absence; §subgroup analysis additionally adjusted for the other measures of sickness absence shown in table. | ||||
| Men | ||||
| Short (1–3 days) spells per year | ||||
| 0 | 3599 (65) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >0–2 | 7994 (249) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.5 | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) |
| >2 | 2003 (114) | 4.1 (2.9 to 5.6) | 3.8 (2.6 to 5.7) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.4) |
| Long (>3 days) spells per year | ||||
| 0 | 5582 (46) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >0–1 | 7109 (251) | 2.8 (2.0 to 4.0) | 2.4 (1.6 to 3.6) | 1.9 (1.2 to 3.1) |
| >1 | 905 (131) | 11.8 (8.4 to 16.6) | 7.3 (4.9 to 10.7) | 3.5 (2.0 to 6.1) |
| Total absence days per year | ||||
| 0 | 2272 (16) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >0–15 | 8607 (149) | 2.7 (1.6 to 4.6) | 2.5 (1.4 to 4.4) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) |
| >15 | 2717 (263) | 15.4 (9.0 to 26.2) | 8.8 (4.8 to 15.8) | 2.4 (1.0 to 5.7) |
| Long spells attributable to injury per year | ||||
| 0 | 11978 (327) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >0 | 1361 (92) | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.8) | 2.5 (1.8 to 3.4) | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) |
| Women | ||||
| Short (1–3 days) spells per year | ||||
| 0 | 4285 (70) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >0–2 | 19129 (494) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| >2 | 9559 (422) | 3.5 (2.7 to 4.5) | 3.2 (2.4 to 4.3) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) |
| Long (>3 days) spells per year | ||||
| 0 | 10400 (64) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >0–1 | 19415 (521) | 2.9 (2.2 to 3.9) | 2.9 (2.1 to 3.9) | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.0) |
| >1 | 3158 (401) | 12.1 (9.3 to 15.6) | 9.6 (7.2 to 12.7) | 4.2 (2.9 to 6.1) |
| Total number of absence days per year | ||||
| 0 | 2475 (14) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >0–15 | 21992 (276) | 2.5 (1.5 to 4.3) | 3.0 (1.6 to 5.7) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.2) |
| >15 | 8506 (696) | 15.1 (8.8 to 25.6) | 13.6 (7.3 to 25.7) | 3.4 (1.5 to 7.6) |
| Long spells attributable to injury per year | ||||
| 0 | 30363 (850) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >0 | 1915 (124) | 2.0 (1.6 to 2.4) | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.4) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.3) |