Association between daily smoking by adolescents aged 16–18 years, self reported health problems, and self reported use of health services. Spanish National Health Interview Surveys, 1993, 1995, 1997
| Health problems | Boys | Girls | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smokers (n = 775) | Daily smokers (n = 316) | Non-smokers (n = 679) | Daily smokers (n = 236) | |||||||||
| n | % | n | % | OR* | 95%CI* | n | % | n | % | OR* | 95%CI* | |
| *Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for age. | ||||||||||||
| Self reported poor health | 82 | 10.6 | 57 | 18.1 | 1.8 | 1.2 to 2.7 | 90 | 13.2 | 59 | 25.0 | 2.0 | 1.4 to 3.0 |
| Allergy | 88 | 16.1 | 20 | 9.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 to 1.3 | 84 | 16.9 | 27 | 19.0 | 1.2 | 0.7 to 2.1 |
| Asthma and/or bronchitis | 23 | 4.2 | 12 | 5.7 | 1.6 | 0.7 to 3.5 | 20 | 4.0 | 10 | 7.0 | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.7 |
| Activity restriction past 15 days | 105 | 15.1 | 45 | 16.2 | 1.1 | 0.7 to 1.7 | 129 | 20.2 | 48 | 22.4 | 1.2 | 0.8 to 1.8 |
| Use of medication for “cold symptoms” | 92 | 12.1 | 48 | 15.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 to 2.3 | 130 | 19.5 | 50 | 21.6 | 1.1 | 0.7 to 1.6 |
| Use of “vitamins, minerals, or tonics” | 13 | 1.7 | 7 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.5 to 3.7 | 24 | 3.6 | 15 | 6.5 | 1.9 | 1.0 to 3.8 |
| Use of health services | ||||||||||||
| Doctor visit in the past 15 days | 116 | 15.0 | 54 | 17.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.6 | 135 | 19.9 | 60 | 25.4 | 1.3 | 0.9 to 1.9 |
| GP/paediatrician visit in the past 15 days | 73 | 9.5 | 38 | 12.3 | 1.3 | 0.8 to 2.0 | 107 | 15.9 | 48 | 20.4 | 1.3 | 0.9 to 1.9 |
| Visit other specialists | 37 | 4.8 | 12 | 3.9 | 0.7 | 0.4 to 1.5 | 23 | 3.4 | 11 | 4.7 | 1.3 | 0.6 to 2.9 |
| Hospitalised in the past 12 months | 32 | 4.1 | 18 | 5.8 | 1.2 | 0.6 to 2.4 | 28 | 4.1 | 14 | 5.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 to2.3 |