Table 1

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between IHD and kava use and other substance use

Crude odds ratios for the association between IHD and kava use and other substance use
“a” = reference category		Cases	Controls	OR	95%CI		p Value*
*Likelihood ratio test.
Kava—use before or during admission period 1992–97
	Yes	33	103	1.41	0.73	2.73	0.303
a	No	50	199	1.00
Kava—level of use
a	None	50	199	1.00
	1 night/week for a few hours	4	6	3.43	0.76	15.58
	>1 night/week for a few hours	7	13	2.17	0.75	6.30
	About 2 nights a week	6	17	1.61	0.57	4.56	0.342
	Drink kava during the day as well as at night	2	14	0.63	0.12	3.29
	Sometimes drink for 24 hour sessions	13	48	1.11	0.45	2.75
Alcohol—use before or during admission period 1992–97
	Yes	41	143	1.21	0.61	2.39	0.590
a	No	40	157	1.00
Alcohol—level of use
a	None	40	157	1.00
	Light	5	15	1.91	0.54	6.73
	Moderate	6	31	0.86	0.29	2.51	0.679
	Heavy	26	92	1.26	0.60	2.64
Tobacco—use before or during admission period 1992–97
	Yes	71	252	1.29	0.61	2.70	0.500
a	No	11	50	1.00
Tobacco—level of use
a	None	11	50	1.00
	Up to 15 cigarettes a day	5	8	3.03	0.72	12.70
	From 15 up to 25 cigarettes a day	2	33	0.26	0.05	1.29
	25 cigarettes a day	36	105	1.80	0.80	4.06	0.019
	More than 25 cigarettes a day	26	99	1.14	0.49	2.64
Petrol—use before or during admission period 1992–97
	Yes	5	14	1.32	0.41	4.22	0.648
a	No	76	279	1.00
Cannabis—use before or during admission period 1992–97
	Yes	5	33	0.46	0.16	1.35	0.137
a	No	74	257	1.00
Odds ratios for the association between IHD and kava use adjusted for a history of alcohol and tobacco use, petrol sniffing and body size
“a” = reference category		Cases	Controls	OR	95%CI		p Value*
Kava—use before or during admission period 1992–97
	Yes	33	103	1.51	0.75	3.05	0.247
a	No	50	199	1.00
Kava—level of use
a	None	50	199	1.00
	1 night/week for a few hours	4	6	3.48	0.74	16.30
	>1 night/week for a few hours	7	13	1.64	0.48	5.55
	about 2 nights a week	6	17	1.83	0.62	5.44	0.469
	Drink kava during the day as well as at night	2	14	0.63	0.12	3.38
	Sometimes drink for 24 hour sessions	13	48	1.30	0.51	3.35