Hazard ratios of homicide mortality risks, US adults aged 18 to 50, national health interview survey 1986 to 1994, follow up to 1997*
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Source: 1986–1997 NHIS-NDI linked file. *Etimates are presented as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); †model 2 fits significantly better than model 1 (χ2 = 170, df = 10, p⩽0.05); ‡model 3 fits significantly better than model 1 (χ2 = 37, df = 6, p⩽0.05); §model 4 fits significantly better than model 1 (χ2 = 189, df = 16, p⩽0.05), model 2 (χ2 = 19, df = 10, p⩽0.05), and model 3 (χ2 = 152, df = 6, p⩽0.05). | ||||||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 5.60 | 3.47 to 9.03 | 3.31 | 1.97 to 5.57 | 3.14 | 1.87 to 5.26 | 2.34 | 1.38 to 3.96 |
| Mexican American | 3.13 | 2.30 to 4.25 | 1.85 | 1.38 to 2.47 | 2.41 | 1.68 to 3.47 | 1.66 | 1.18 to 2.33 |
| Non-Hispanic white | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Sex (male = 1) | 2.38 | 1.97 to 2.86 | 2.45 | 2.01 to 2.99 | 2.41 | 1.99 to 2.92 | 2.47 | 2.01 to 3.03 |
| Sex by race/ethnic interactions | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic black by male | 1.49 | 0.86 to 2.56 | 1.56 | 0.89 to 2.78 | 1.54 | 0.90 to 2.54 | 1.58 | 0.90 to 2.79 |
| Mexican American by male | 2.81 | 1.73 to 4.54 | 3.02 | 1.84 to 4.98 | 2.82 | 1.75 to 4.53 | 3.03 | 1.86 to 4.95 |
| Non-Hispanic white by male | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Individual risk factors | ||||||||
| Age (continuous) | 0.98 | 0.97 to 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.97 to 1.00 | ||||
| Nativity | ||||||||
| Native born | ref | ref | ||||||
| Foreign born | 1.10 | 0.80 to 1.51 | 1.24 | 0.88 to 1.76 | ||||
| Missing | 1.06 | 0.91 to 1.24 | 1.06 | 0.91 to 1.24 | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Currently married | ref | ref | ||||||
| Previously married | 1.83 | 1.33 to 2.50 | 1.76 | 1.29 to 2.40 | ||||
| Never married | 2.63 | 1.82 to 3.81 | 2.61 | 1.79 to 3.81 | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Employed | ref | ref | ||||||
| Unemployed | 1.87 | 1.39 to 2.52 | 1.84 | 1.37 to 2.48 | ||||
| Not in the labour force | 1.76 | 1.42 to 2.17 | 1.75 | 1.43 to 2.16 | ||||
| Income to needs ratio | 0.99 | 0.98 to 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98 to 0.99 | ||||
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school degree | 2.02 | 1.46 to 2.81 | 1.93 | 1.41 to 2.66 | ||||
| High school degree | 1.65 | 1.51 to 1.79 | 1.60 | 1.46 to 1.74 | ||||
| Any college | ref | ref | ||||||
| Neighbourhood risk factors | ||||||||
| Economic inequality | ||||||||
| <0.50 | ref | ref | ||||||
| ⩾0.50 | 1.48 | 1.12 to 1.95 | 1.31 | 1.01 to 1.71 | ||||
| Poverty | ||||||||
| <15% | ref | ref | ||||||
| ⩾15% | 1.21 | 1.12 to 1.30 | 0.92 | 0.83 to 1.02 | ||||
| Mexican American | ||||||||
| <4% | ref | ref | ||||||
| ⩾4% | 1.37 | 1.09 to 1.72 | 1.39 | 1.03 to 1.86 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic black | ||||||||
| <10% | ref | ref | ||||||
| ⩾10% | 1.49 | 1.21 to 1.83 | 1.46 | 1.18 to 1.80 | ||||
| Single parent household | ||||||||
| <20% | ref | ref | ||||||
| ⩾20% | 1.36 | 1.25 to 1.48 | 1.19 | 1.09 to 1.30 | ||||
| Foreign born | ||||||||
| <10% | ref | ref | ||||||
| ⩾10% | 0.67 | 0.52 to 0.86 | 0.65 | 0.49 to 0.86 | ||||
| Log likelihood | −2436 | −2351† | −2418‡ | −2342§ | ||||