Unadjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for associations between the prevalence of common mental disorders and ward level socioeconomic deprivation (Carstairs index), rurality (using ONS Classification of Wards) and population density, respectively, by employment status, and adjusted for individual and household level confounders†
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Employed (n=5864) | Unemployed (n=604) | Inactive (n=2715) | Employed (n=5864) | Unemployed (n=604) | Inactive (n=2715) | |
Odds ratios obtained from logistic models, in which parameters were estimated using second order Taylor expansion with predictive quasi-likelihood (PQL) (see Methods). | ||||||
†Age, sex, ethnicity, physical health problems, overcrowding, housing problems, low income, car access, and social class. *p<0.05. | ||||||
Carstairs quintile | ||||||
Bottom quintile | 1.00 | 2.67 (1.33,5.37)* | 0.83 (0.58,1.20) | 1.00 | 2.81 (1.38,5.72)* | 0.97 (0.66,1.42) |
2nd quintile | 1.13 (0.89,1.44) | 2.40 (1.54,3.74)* | 1.18 (0.90,1.56) | 1.12 (0.88,1.43) | 2.28 (1.45,3.58)* | 1.20 (0.90,1.61) |
3rd quintile | 1.04 (0.81,1.35) | 4.16 (2.57,6.74)* | 1.46 (1.09,1.96)* | 0.99 (0.76,1.28) | 3.94 (2.39,6.49)* | 1.41 (1.03,1.93)* |
4th quintile | 1.02 (0.77,1.35) | 3.67 (2.35,5.73)* | 1.60 (1.17,2.19)* | 0.92 (0.69,1.21) | 2.87 (1.81,4.56)* | 1.38 (0.99,1.93) |
Top quintile | 1.21 (0.93,1.56) | 3.76 (2.61,5.40)* | 1.85 (1.40,2.45)* | 1.02 (0.79,1.32) | 2.83 (1.93,4.15)* | 1.53 (1.13,2.07)* |
Top v bottom | 1.21 (0.93,1.56) | 1.41 (0.85,2.34) | 2.23 (1.54,3.23)* | 1.02 (0.79,1.32) | 1.01 (0.60,1.70) | 1.58 (1.08,2.31)* |
Rurality (ONS) | ||||||
Rural groups | 1.00 | 3.15 (1.78,5.60)* | 1.00 (0.75,1.35) | 1.00 | 3.29 (1.83,5.91)* | 1.00 (0.79,1.47) |
Non-rural groups | 1.09 (0.90,1.32) | 3.30 (2.56,4.26)* | 1.45 (1.18,1.78)* | 1.01 (0.84,1.22) | 2.78 (2.13,3.64)* | 1.33 (1.06,1.66)* |
Non-rural v rural | 1.09 (0.90,1.32) | 1.05 (0.59,1.88) | 1.45 (1.11,1.90)* | 1.01 (0.84,1.22) | 0.84 (0.46,1.52) | 1.33 (1.01,1.75)* |
Population density | ||||||
Bottom quartile | 1.00 | 2.64 (1.74,4.01)* | 1.17 (0.92,1.47) | 1.00 | 2.42 (1.57,3.74)* | 1.22 (0.94,1.57) |
2nd quartile | 1.12 (0.91,1.36) | 4.02 (2.70,5.98)* | 1.30 (1.02,1.66)* | 1.13 (0.92,1.38) | 3.43 (2.27,5.18)* | 1.29 (0.99,1.68) |
3rd quartile | 1.06 (0.87,1.30) | 3.54 (2.47,5.08)* | 1.40 (1.09,1.78)* | 1.00 (0.81,1.23) | 3.08 (2.11,4.48)* | 1.38 (1.06,1.80)* |
Top quartile | 1.23 (1.01,1.49)* | 3.22 (2.25,4.60)* | 1.80 (1.42,2.28)* | 1.15 (0.94,1.40) | 2.86 (1.96,4.17)* | 1.60 (1.24,2.08)* |
Top v bottom | 1.23 (1.01, 1.49) | 1.22 (0.73,2.05) | 1.54 (1.17,2.02)* | 1.15 (0.94,1.40) | 1.18 (0.69,2.02) | 1.31 (0.99,1.73) |