Odds ratios* for incidence and mortality from breast cancer in relation to diet (n=1959)
| Breast cancer incidence | Breast cancer mortality | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartiles of intake | Age, energy, adjusted | Fully adjusted† | Age, energy, adjusted | Fully adjusted† |
| *All effect estimates and confidence intervals are adjusted for intra-family clustering. †Fully adjusted models include age, energy intake, food expenditure, Townsend score, and season. | ||||
| Fruit | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 0.66 (0.33 to 1.33) | 0.66 (0.33 to 1.34) | 1.23 (0.45 to 3.35) | 1.26 (0.45 to 3.47) |
| 3 | 1.04 (0.55 to 1.96) | 1.10 (0.58 to 2.10) | 1.10 (0.40 to 3.06) | 1.19 (0.42 to 3.35) |
| 4 (high) | 1.04 (0.54 to 2.01) | 1.08 (0.52 to 2.25) | 1.28 (0.46 to 3.52) | 1.25 (0.40 to 3.92) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.70 | 0.73 |
| Vegetables | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 1.36 (0.72 to 2.57) | 1.37 (0.72 to 2.63) | 1.53 (0.65 to 3.63) | 1.47 (0.61 to 3.57) |
| 3 | 0.85 (0.42 to 1.70) | 0.86 (0.42 to 1.76) | 0.41 (0.12 to 1.34) | 0.38 (0.11 to 1.30) |
| 4 (high) | 1.44 (0.75 to 2.75) | 1.43 (0.70 to 2.92) | 1.03 (0.40 to 2.62) | 0.86 (0.30 to 2.47) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.51 | 0.35 |
| Vitamin C | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 1.46 (0.77 to 2.79) | 1.50 (0.78 to 2.88) | 1.13 (0.46 to 2.82) | 1.17 (0.46 to 2.94) |
| 3 | 1.13 (0.56 to 2.30) | 1.10 (0.54 to 2.26) | 0.68 (0.24 to 1.90) | 0.67 (0.23 to 1.91) |
| 4 (high) | 1.10 (0.53 to 2.26) | 0.99 (0.45 to 2.15) | 0.68 (0.24 to 1.92) | 0.58 (0.19 to 1.84) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.99 | 0.78 | 0.32 | 0.24 |
| Vitamin E | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 1.27 (0.69 to 2.33) | 1.18 (0.63 to 2.19) | 1.15 (0.52 to 2.54) | 1.00 (0.44 to 2.28) |
| 3 | 0.78 (0.39 to 1.57) | 0.70 (0.34 to 1.44) | 0.26 (0.08 to 0.83) | 0.19 (0.06 to 0.65) |
| 4 (high) | 0.88 (0.44 to 1.76) | 0.77 (0.37 to 1.64) | 0.34 (0.12 to 0.96) | 0.25 (0.08 to 0.80) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.48 | 0.30 | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Carotene | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 1.38 (0.73 to 2.59) | 1.36 (0.71 to 2.59) | 0.60 (0.23 to 1.62) | 0.58 (0.21 to 1.56) |
| 3 | 1.32 (0.69 to 2.55) | 1.32 (0.67 to 2.58) | 1.05 (0.43 to 2.57) | 0.96 (0.38 to 2.42) |
| 4 (high) | 0.99 (0.50 to 1.97) | 0.93 (0.44 to 1.96) | 0.86 (0.34 to 2.16) | 0.68 (0.25 to 1.91) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.94 | 0.84 | 0.96 | 0.72 |
| Retinol | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 0.96 (0.46 to 2.00) | 1.00 (0.48 to 2.10) | 0.91 (0.29 to 2.86) | 0.95 (0.30 to 3.01) |
| 3 | 1.91 (0.98 to 3.74) | 1.95 (0.98 to 3.87) | 2.08 (0.76 to 5.67) | 2.19 (0.78 to 6.18) |
| 4 (high) | 1.68 (0.83 to 3.38) | 1.75 (0.84 to 3.66) | 1.66 (0.58 to 4.72) | 1.94 (0.64 to 5.92) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.12 |