Odds ratios* for cancer incidence and mortality, and all-cause mortality risk in relation to diet (n=3878)
| Total cancer incidence | Total cancer mortality | All cause mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, energy, sex, adjusted | Fully adjusted† | Age, energy, sex, adjusted | Fully adjusted† | Age, energy, sex, adjusted | Fully adjusted† | ||||
| Quartiles of dietary intake | Number of cases | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Number of cases | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Number of deaths | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| *All effect estimates and confidence intervals are adjusted for intra-family clustering. †Fully adjusted models include age, sex, energy intake, food expenditure, Townsend score, season, and district. | |||||||||
| Fruit | |||||||||
| 1 (low) | 141 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 89 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 266 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 110 | 0.71 (0.52 to 0.97) | 0.66 (0.48 to 0.90) | 83 | 0.86 (0.61 to 1.21) | 0.84 (0.59 to 1.20) | 255 | 0.90 (0.70 to 1.15) | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.16) |
| 3 | 120 | 0.75 (0.56 to 1.02) | 0.70 (0.51 to 0.97) | 86 | 0.86 (0.61 to 1.21) | 0.85 (0.59 to 1.22) | 247 | 0.83 (0.65 to 1.07) | 0.87 (0.67 to 1.12) |
| 4 (high) | 112 | 0.66 (0.48 to 0.91) | 0.62 (0.43 to 0.90) | 75 | 0.72 (0.50 to 1.04) | 0.73 (0.47 to 1.11) | 232 | 0.75 (0.58 to 0.98) | 0.83 (0.62 to 1.11) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.18 | |||
| Vegetables | |||||||||
| 1 (low) | 111 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 76 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 248 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 127 | 1.21 (0.89 to 1.66) | 1.17 (0.84 to 1.64) | 93 | 1.29 (0.92 to 1.83) | 1.18 (0.81 to 1.71) | 271 | 1.17 (0.92 to 1.50) | 1.06 (0.82 to 1.36) |
| 3 | 109 | 1.01 (0.73 to 1.38) | 0.95 (0.66 to 1.34) | 76 | 1.04 (0.73 to 1.49) | 0.90 (0.61 to 1.34) | 237 | 1.01 (0.79 to 1.29) | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.12) |
| 4 (high) | 136 | 1.33 (0.97 to 1.82) | 1.34 (0.93 to 1.93) | 88 | 1.22 (0.85 to 1.74) | 1.14 (0.75 to 1.72) | 244 | 1.04 (0.81 to 1.34) | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.22) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.28 | |||
| Vitamin C | |||||||||
| 1 (low) | 114 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 84 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 259 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 127 | 1.14 (0.84 to 1.57) | 1.16 (0.84 to 1.61) | 83 | 0.94 (0.67 to 1.34) | 0.98 (0.68 to 1.41) | 251 | 0.94 (0.73 to 1.21) | 0.99 (0.77 to 1.27) |
| 3 | 120 | 0.97 (0.70 to 1.36) | 1.03 (0.72 to 1.48) | 83 | 0.88 (0.61 to 1.26) | 0.95 (0.64 to 1.42) | 251 | 0.89 (0.69 to 1.15) | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.25) |
| 4 (high) | 122 | 1.04 (0.74 to 1.45) | 1.11 (0.74 to 1.65) | 83 | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.32) | 0.98 (0.63 to 1.54) | 239 | 0.87 (0.67 to 1.14) | 0.98 (0.72 to 1.34) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.92 | 0.80 | 0.56 | 0.92 | 0.29 | 0.85 | |||
| Vitamin E | |||||||||
| 1 (low) | 115 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 80 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 246 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 108 | 0.94 (0.69 to 1.29) | 0.91 (0.65 to 1.29) | 75 | 0.94 (0.66 to 1.33) | 0.90 (0.61 to 1.33) | 253 | 1.09 (0.86 to 1.40) | 1.13 (0.87 to 1.47) |
| 3 | 114 | 0.97 (0.70 to 1.33) | 0.88 (0.61 to 1.28) | 75 | 0.89 (0.62 to 1.28) | 0.79 (0.52 to 1.20) | 231 | 0.92 (0.71 to 1.19) | 0.89 (0.67 to 1.19) |
| 4 (high) | 146 | 1.29 (0.93 to 1.78) | 1.12 (0.75 to 1.66) | 103 | 1.28 (0.89 to 1.83) | 1.09 (0.70 to 1.70) | 270 | 1.16 (0.90 to 1.51) | 1.11 (0.81 to 1.52) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.13 | 0.52 | 0.23 | 0.71 | 0.51 | 0.89 | |||
| Carotene | |||||||||
| 1 (low) | 123 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 90 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 240 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 116 | 0.86 (0.63 to 1.17) | 0.88 (0.64 to 1.21) | 76 | 0.75 (0.53 to 1.07) | 0.74 (0.52 to 1.06) | 257 | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.28) | 0.99 (0.78 to 1.27) |
| 3 | 129 | 1.03 (0.76 to 1.40) | 1.05 (0.76 to 1.45) | 83 | 0.88 (0.62 to 1.23) | 0.81 (0.57 to 1.16) | 256 | 1.04 (0.82 to 1.34) | 0.95 (0.74 to 1.23) |
| 4 (high) | 115 | 0.89 (0.76 to 1.40) | 0.92 (0.65 to 1.32) | 84 | 0.88 (0.63 to 1.24) | 0.80 (0.54 to 1.18) | 247 | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.27) | 0.90 (0.68 to 1.18) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.74 | 0.96 | 0.67 | 0.36 | 0.94 | 0.41 | |||
| Retinol | |||||||||
| 1 (low) | 126 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 91 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 262 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 110 | 0.86 (0.63 to 1.17) | 0.83 (0.60 to 1.14) | 77 | 0.84 (0.59 to 1.18) | 0.80 (0.56 to 1.14) | 233 | 0.89 (0.70 to 1.14) | 0.89 (0.69 to 1.13) |
| 3 | 118 | 0.88 (0.64 to 1.20) | 0.86 (0.62 to 1.19) | 78 | 0.80 (0.56 to 1.14) | 0.78 (0.54 to 1.13) | 264 | 1.02 (0.80 to 1.31) | 1.03 (0.80 to 1.32) |
| 4 (high) | 129 | 0.94 (0.69 to 1.29) | 0.93 (0.65 to 1.32) | 87 | 0.86 (0.61 to 1.23) | 0.88 (0.59 to 1.31) | 241 | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.11) | 0.89 (0.67 to 1.17) |
| p value for linear trend | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.41 | 0.52 | 0.45 | 0.66 | |||