Continuous odds ratios (OR)‡ for risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and lethal congenital anomaly in relation to proximity to crematoriums, 1956–93, by time period, adjusted for social class, birth order, year of birth, and multiple births
| Outcome | Number of cases | OR | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *p<0.05, | ||||
| **p<0.01. | ||||
| †Became non-significant when most influential births were excluded. | ||||
| ‡These ORs are continuous, for example the odds of anencephalus at a distance, D, from crematoriums compared with the odds at 3 km from crematoriums in 1961–71 is 1.23(1/(D+0.1)2 – 1/(3.1)2. Hence the odds ratio comparing risk at a distance of 0.5 km compared with that at 3 km in 1961–71 is about 1.77. | ||||
| 1956–60 | ||||
| Stillbirth + neonatal death | 1508 | 0.95 | 0.74 to 1.22 | |
| Stillbirth | 887 | 0.85 | 0.60 to 1.20 | |
| Neonatal death | 621 | 1.08 | 0.77 to 1.52 | |
| 1961–71 | ||||
| Stillbirth + neonatal death | 2559 | 1.10 | 1.01 to 1.20 | *† |
| Stillbirth | 1413 | 1.19 | 1.09 to 1.31 | ** |
| Neonatal death | 1146 | 0.93 | 0.75 to 1.15 | |
| Congenital anomaly | 906 | 1.10 | 0.95 to 1.27 | |
| All neural tube defects | 493 | 1.12 | 0.94 to 1.33 | |
| Anencephalus | 219 | 1.23 | 1.01 to 1.50 | * |
| Spina bifida | 1968 | 1.06 | 0.79 to 1.42 | |
| Other central nervous system | 76 | 0.65 | 0.33 to 1.26 | |
| Heart defects | 177 | 1.21 | 0.91 to 1.62 | |
| All other anomalies | 236 | 0.95 | 0.66 to 1.38 | |
| 1972–82 | ||||
| Stillbirth + neonatal death | 1212 | 0.98 | 0.87 to 1.09 | |
| Stillbirth | 602 | 1.04 | 0.93 to 1.16 | |
| Neonatal death | 610 | 0.89 | 0.72 to 1.11 | |
| Congenital anomaly | 462 | 0.80 | 0.59 to 1.09 | |
| All neural tube defects | 200 | 0.68 | 0.39 to 1.16 | |
| Anencephalus | 69 | 0.35 | 0.11 to 1.18 | |
| Spina bifida | 88 | 0.71 | 0.28 to 1.78 | |
| Other central nervous system | 43 | 0.97 | 0.64 to 1.47 | |
| Heart defects | 125 | 0.58 | 0.26 to 1.27 | |
| All other anomalies | 137 | 1.04 | 0.84 to 1.29 | |
| 1983–93 | ||||
| Stillbirth + neonatal death | 618 | 0.99 | 0.87 to 1.23 | |
| Stillbirth | 332 | 1.01 | 0.97 to 1.05 | |
| Neonatal death | 286 | 0.84 | 0.60 to 1.17 | |
| Congenital anomaly | 201 | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.05 | |
| All neural tube defects | 41 | 0.76 | 0.37 to 1.58 | |
| Anencephalus | 7 | 0.65 | 0.13 to 3.19 | |
| Spina bifida | 18 | 1.02 | 0.97 to 1.08 | |
| Other central nervous system | 16 | 0.08 | 0.00 to 5.62 | |
| Heart defects | 49 | 0.50 | 0.15 to 1.62 | |
| All other anomalies | 111 | 1.03 | 1.01 to 1.06 | ** |
| 1956–93 | ||||
| Stillbirth + neonatal death | 5897 | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.05 | |
| Stillbirth | 3234 | 1.04 | 1.01 to 1.07 | ** |
| Neonatal death | 2663 | 0.91 | 0.78 to 1.04 | |
| Congenital anomaly (1961–93) | 1569 | 1.02 | 0.96 to 1.08 | |
| All neural tube defects | 734 | 1.00 | 0.87 to 1.16 | |
| Anencephalus | 295 | 1.05 | 1.00 to 1.10 | * |
| Spina bifida | 304 | 0.99 | 0.77 to 1.27 | |
| Other central nervous system | 135 | 0.70 | 0.43 to 1.14 | |
| Heart defects | 351 | 1.00 | 0.77 to 1.31 | |
| All other anomalies | 484 | 1.04 | 1.00 to 1.07 | * |