Continuous odds ratios (OR)† for risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and lethal congenital anomaly in relation to proximity to incinerators, 1956–76 (before incinerators opening)‡ and 1977–93, adjusted for social class, birth order, year of birth, and multiple births
| Outcome | Number of cases | OR | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *p<0.05, | ||||
| **p<0.01. | ||||
| †These ORs are continuous, for example, the odds of lethal congenital anomaly at a distance, D, from an incinerator compared with the odds at 3 km from incinerators is 1.10(1/(D+0.1)2 – 1/(3.1)2. Hence the odds ratio comparing risk at a distance of 0.5 km compared with that at 3 km (or further) is about 1.3. | ||||
| ‡Before incinerators opening lethal congenital anomalies were analysed only for the time period 1961–76. | ||||
| 1956–76 (before incinerators opening) | ||||
| Stillbirth + neonatal death | 4715 | 0.97 | 0.93 to 1.01 | |
| Stillbirth | 2622 | 1.00 | 0.96 to 1.03 | |
| Neonatal death | 2093 | 0.92 | 0.84 to 1.00 | |
| Lethal congenital anomaly‡ | 1583 | 0.94 | 0.86 to 1.02 | |
| All neural tube defects‡ | 602 | 0.95 | 0.85 to 1.06 | |
| Anencephalus‡ | 262 | 0.96 | 0.82 to 1.13 | |
| Spina bifida‡ | 244 | 0.86 | 0.67 to 1.10 | |
| Other CNS anomaly‡ | 96 | 1.02 | 0.97 to 1.08 | |
| Heart defects‡ | 247 | 1.01 | 0.91 to 1.12 | |
| All other anomalies‡ | 303 | 0.94 | 0.81 to 1.09 | |
| 1977–93 | ||||
| Stillbirth + neonatal death | 1182 | 1.03 | 0.93 to 1.13 | |
| Stillbirth | 612 | 1.04 | 0.90 to 1.19 | |
| Neonatal death | 570 | 1.02 | 0.90 to 1.14 | |
| Lethal congenital anomaly | 417 | 1.10 | 1.03 to 1.19 | ** |
| All neural tube defects | 132 | 1.13 | 1.04 to 1.23 | ** |
| Anencephalus | 33 | 1.08 | 0.99 to 1.18 | |
| Spina bifida | 60 | 1.17 | 1.07 to 1.28 | ** |
| Other CNS anomaly | 39 | 0.73 | 0.34 to 1.56 | |
| Heart defects | 104 | 1.12 | 1.03 to 1.22 | ** |
| All other anomalies | 181 | 0.90 | 0.67 to 1.22 | |