Grade gradients in depressive symptoms and physical functioning before and after adjustment for baseline risk factors*
| Coefficient for grade gradient (% decline in grade gradient)† | Odds ratios for grade gradient in poor health | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression score | Physical functioning | Depression score | Physical functioning | ||
| *Baseline risk factors: health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity), work (decision latitude, job demands, work social supports, effort-reward imbalance), marital status, social support (confiding/emotional, practical, negative aspects, network size), housing tenure, material problems, life events in preceding 12 months, baseline health (physical illness, health problems in past year, depression score, total GHQ score, body mass index, longstanding illness, systolic blood pressure). †Employment grade included as linear term; percentage change in grade gradient calculated by comparing regression coefficient after adjustment for each explanatory factor or group of factors with regression coefficient from age adjusted model. | |||||
| Men (n=4251) | |||||
| Adjustment | |||||
| Age only | 0.105 | −1.37 | 1.18 (1.1 to 1.3) | 1.18 (1.1 to 1.2) | |
| health behaviours | 0.089 (15) | −1.18 (14) | 1.15 | 1.15 | |
| work | 0.036 (66) | −1.21 (12) | 1.07 | 1.14 | |
| marital status | 0.086 (18) | −1.34 (2) | 1.14 | 1.18 | |
| social support | 0.083 (21) | −1.29 (6) | 1.15 | 1.17 | |
| housing tenure | 0.096 (9) | −1.28 (7) | 1.17 | 1.17 | |
| material problems | 0.079 (25) | −1.24 (9) | 1.14 | 1.16 | |
| life events | 0.099 (6) | −1.31 (4) | 1.17 | 1.17 | |
| All risk factors | −0.020 (119) | −0.85 (38) | 0.99 (0.9 to 1.1) | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.2) | |
| Baseline health | 0.071 (32) | −1.22 (11) | 1.14 | 1.17 | |
| All risk factors + baseline health | 0.013 (88) | −0.89 (35) | 1.03 (0.9 to 1.1) | 1.10 (1.0 to 1.2) | |
| Women (n=1660) | |||||
| Adjustment | |||||
| Age only | 0.096 | −2.57 | 1.14 (1.0 to 1.3) | 1.33 (1.2 to 1.4) | |
| health behaviours | 0.107 (+11) | −2.03 (21) | 1.15 | 1.27 | |
| work | 0.055 (43) | −2.71 (+5) | 1.09 | 1.38 | |
| marital status | 0.095 (1) | −2.55 (1) | 1.14 | 1.33 | |
| social support | 0.089 (7) | −2.60 (+1) | 1.13 | 1.35 | |
| housing tenure | 0.087 (9) | −2.34 (9) | 1.12 | 1.30 | |
| material problems | 0.051 (47) | −2.25 (12) | 1.08 | 1.30 | |
| life events | 0.091 (5) | −2.47 (4) | 1.13 | 1.32 | |
| All risk factors | 0.033 (66) | −1.87 (27) | 1.05 (0.9 to 1.2) | 1.30 (1.2 to 1.5) | |
| Baseline health | 0.074 (23) | −2.06 (20) | 1.11 | 1.31 | |
| All risk factors + baseline health | 0.046 (52) | −1.66 (35) | 1.06 (0.9 to 1.2) | 1.31 (1.2 to 1.5) | |