Characteristics of 1818 urban, suburban and rural adults participating in the National Walking Survey†
| Urban | Suburban | Rural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Higher | Lower | Higher | Lower | Higher | χ2 | |
| **p<0.005, *p<0.05. †Because of rounding error sums in blocks may not equal 100%. | |||||||
| Overall number (%) Missing=327 | 359 (24.1) | 490 (32.9) | 95 (6.4) | 125 (8.4) | 205 (13.7) | 217 (14.6) | |
| Age (%) Missing=9 | 142.28** | ||||||
| 18–29 | 34.4 | 28.8 | 37.9 | 20.8 | 18.5 | 14.4 | |
| 30–44 | 27.9 | 36.0 | 25.3 | 37.6 | 20.0 | 41.2 | |
| 45–64 | 17.9 | 26.8 | 18.9 | 30.4 | 38.0 | 33.8 | |
| 65+ | 19.8 | 8.4 | 17.9 | 11.2 | 23.4 | 10.6 | |
| Gender (%) Missing=0 | 32.66** | ||||||
| Male | 31.5 | 39.0 | 25.3 | 43.2 | 25.9 | 37.3 | |
| Female | 68.5 | 61.0 | 74.7 | 56.8 | 74.1 | 62.7 | |
| Education (%) Missing=1 | 240.29** | ||||||
| Less than high school | 27.3 | 8.4 | 14.7 | 4.8 | 36.1 | 11.1 | |
| High school graduate | 35.7 | 21.0 | 40.0 | 28.8 | 34.1 | 34.1 | |
| Some college or tech school | 24.8 | 34.5 | 29.5 | 22.4 | 22.0 | 31.3 | |
| College or post graduate school | 12.3 | 36.1 | 15.8 | 44.0 | 7.8 | 23.5 | |
| Race (%) Missing=6 | 186.04** | ||||||
| Black | 49.3 | 32.0 | 24.5 | 8.0 | 31.9 | 11.1 | |
| White | 30.1 | 50.8 | 58.5 | 79.2 | 55.4 | 79.3 | |
| Other | 20.6 | 17.2 | 17.0 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 9.7 | |
| Places to exercise (%) Missing=282 | |||||||
| Walking, jogging trails | 24.2 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 23.6 | 20.3 | 26.5 | 3.48 |
| Neighborhood streets | 74.2 | 69.1 | 59.5 | 66.0 | 63.4 | 51.9 | 29.74** |
| Park | 39.1 | 37.4 | 24.3 | 20.8 | 13.7 | 20.1 | 58.18** |
| Shopping mall | 44.4 | 39.6 | 41.9 | 28.3 | 34.0 | 28.6 | 18.66** |
| Indoor gym | 21.2 | 25.7 | 16.2 | 20.8 | 16.3 | 21.2 | 9.96 |
| Treadmill | 19.2 | 32.4 | 23.0 | 29.2 | 17.0 | 21.2 | 27.27** |
| Other equipment | 20.5 | 32.7 | 23.0 | 30.2 | 19.0 | 23.3 | 24.07* |
| Summary score of places | 73.96** | ||||||
| 0–1 places to exercise | 28.5 | 25.7 | 36.5 | 31.1 | 43.7 | 40.2 | |
| 2–4 places to exercise | 64.9 | 67.5 | 56.8 | 64.1 | 53.0 | 57.7 | |
| 5 or more places to exercise | 6.6 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 2.1 | |
| Personal barriers (%) | |||||||
| Others discourage | 6.5 | 4.1 | – | – | 5.4 | – | 12.08* |
| Self conscious about looks | 14.3 | 10.6 | 7.4 | 15.2 | 13.8 | 10.1 | 7.85 |
| Afraid of injury | 11.8 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 9.4 | 4.6 | 17.80** |
| Don’t have time | 19.2 | 25.6 | 21.1 | 27.2 | 19.3 | 25.8 | 9.43 |
| Too tired | 18.0 | 18.8 | 18.9 | 21.6 | 12.8 | 21.2 | 7.20 |
| No safe place | 9.6 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 8.71 |
| No child care | 7.1 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 1.6 | 4.5 | – | 8.71 |
| Bad weather | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 1.21 |
| Not in good health | 11.0 | 5.9 | 13.7 | 6.4 | 17.2 | 9.7 | 27.15** |
| No energy | 11.5 | 8.8 | 14.7 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 12.4 | 5.09 |
| Get exercise at work | 26.1 | 23.9 | 26.3 | 25.0 | 16.4 | 28.7 | 14.61* |
| No motivation | 12.9 | 14.5 | 17.9 | 20.8 | 11.9 | 14.7 | 9.58 |
| Do not like to exercise | 11.2 | 13.3 | 11.6 | 19.2 | 7.9 | 12.9 | 10.90* |
| Summary score of barriers | 83.91* | ||||||
| 0–2 barriers | 72.6 | 78.0 | 75.6 | 76.4 | 76.5 | 74.7 | |
| 3–5 barriers | 22.2 | 17.5 | 19.2 | 17.1 | 20.4 | 22.1 | |
| 6 or more barriers | 5.2 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 | |
| Social support (%) | |||||||
| Friends encourage exercise | 59.6 | 62.8 | 72.6 | 67.7 | 62.1 | 59.9 | 9.54 |
| Relatives encourage exercise | 56.6 | 68.0 | 69.5 | 70.4 | 69.1 | 69.6 | 21.84** |
| Have at least one friend to exercise with | 69.7 | 74.0 | 75.3 | 76.8 | 70.1 | 71.4 | 7.94 |
| Have at least one relative to exercise with | 60.4 | 63.4 | 64.9 | 64.8 | 71.1 | 64.4 | 8.13 |