Combined risk estimates from studies on bladder cancer and consumption of chlorinated drinking water by sex and exposure category
| Exposure category | Meta-OR (95% CI) | Number of studies | Test for heterogeneity p value | Selected method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Includes the cohort studies that do not provide risk estimates by duration of consumption. | ||||
| Both sexes | ||||
| Mid-term | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 5 | 0.84 | Fixed effects |
| Long term | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) | 5 | 0.55 | Fixed effects |
| Ever exposed | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) | 6* | 0.61 | Fixed effects |
| Men | ||||
| Mid-term | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7) | 4 | 0.08 | Random effects |
| Long term | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2) | 4 | 0.11 | Random effects |
| Ever exposed | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) | 5* | 0.01 | Random effects |
| Women | ||||
| Mid-term | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) | 3 | 0.09 | Random effects |
| Long term | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.6) | 3 | 0.01 | Random effects |
| Ever exposed | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.8) | 5* | 0.01 | Random effects |