Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for current smokers in 12579 men and 15132 women aged 39–79 years, of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort, 1993–1997 for models based on age, social class, level of education, and components of Townsend deprivation index
| Current smokers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |||
| Predictor variables | OR* | p value | OR* | p value |
| *Odds ratio indicates change in probability compared with the reference category. †Reference category. Predictor variables: social class—non-manual=social classes I, II, and III non-manual, manual=social classes III manual, IV, and V. Education—at least O level, no qualifications. ‡Reference category—areas with Z score below the average for England and Wales average (<0). | ||||
| Social class (non-manual†v manual) | 1.61 (1.43 to 1.80) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.26) | 0.02 |
| Education (at least O level† v no qualifications) | 1.30 (1.16 to 1.47) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.17 to 1.45) | <0.001 |
| Unemployment‡ | 1.26 (1.04 to 1.52) | 0.02 | 1.33 (1.11 to 1.60) | 0.002 |
| Households with no car‡ | 1.50 (1.28 to 1.77) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.13 to 1.55) | <0.001 |
| Households not owner occupied‡ | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.28) | 0.04 | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.28) | 0.03 |
| Overcrowding‡ | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.29) | 0.26 | 1.10 (0.94 to 1.28) | 0.26 |