Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for never smokers in 12579 men and 15132 women aged 39–79 years, of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort, 1993–1997 for regression models based on age, social class, level of education, and quintiles of Townsend deprivation index entered simultaneously
| Never smokers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |||
| Predictor variables | OR* | p value | OR* | p value |
| *Odds ratio indicates change in probability compared to the reference category. †Reference category. | ||||
| Social class | ||||
| I† | ||||
| II | 0.74 (0.64 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.68 to 0.91) | 0.001 |
| III non-manual | 0.68 (0.56 to 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.67 to 0.92) | 0.003 |
| III manual | 0.56 (0.47 to 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.68 to 0.93) | 0.005 |
| IV | 0.62 (0.51 to 0.74) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.65 to 0.91) | 0.002 |
| V | 0.57 (0.43 to 0.75) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.05) | 0.13 |
| Educational level | ||||
| Degree† | ||||
| A level | 0.61 (0.54 to 0.69) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.74 to 0.94) | 0.004 |
| O level | 0.55 (0.46 to 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) | 0.67 |
| No qualifications | 0.53 (0.46 to 0.60) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.94) | 0.003 |
| Townsend index quintiles | ||||
| Quintile 1† (<−3.8) | ||||
| Quintile 2 (−3.79 to −2.92) | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.97) | 0.01 | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.97) | 0.01 |
| Quintile 3 (−2.91 to −2.09) | 0.86 (0.76 to 0.97) | 0.01 | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.01) | 0.07 |
| Quintile 4 (−2.08 to −0.55) | 0.74 (0.66 to 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.92) | <0.001 |
| Quintile 5 (>−0.55) | 0.60 (0.53 to 0.68) | <0.001 | 0.69 (0.62 to 0.76) | <0.001 |