Proportion of never smokers by deprivation category and social class and educational level for men (n=12579) and women (n=15132) aged 39–79 years, of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort, 1993–1997
Townsend quintiles | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Total | |||||||||
Never smokers | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | p value for trend | |
‡χ2 test for trend. | ||||||||||||||
Men | By social class | |||||||||||||
Non-manual | 41.4 | 682 | 37.7 | 614 | 36.9 | 499 | 35.2 | 480 | 32.8 | 352 | 37.2 | 2627 | <0.001 | |
Manual | 33.1 | 299 | 29.7 | 295 | 30.8 | 313 | 25.4 | 287 | 20.4 | 284 | 27.2 | 1478 | <0.001 | |
By educational level | ||||||||||||||
At least O level | 40.9 | 778 | 37.8 | 721 | 37.7 | 617 | 33.2 | 546 | 30.5 | 441 | 36.3 | 3103 | <0.001 | |
No qualifications | 31.3 | 203 | 26.4 | 188 | 26.5 | 195 | 25.9 | 221 | 19.2 | 195 | 25.3 | 1002 | <0.001 | |
Women | By social class | |||||||||||||
Non-manual | 60.1 | 1210 | 57.9 | 1138 | 59.3 | 1017 | 54.9 | 976 | 50.4 | 764 | 56.8 | 5105 | <0.001 | |
Manual | 59.8 | 588 | 54.8 | 611 | 55.2 | 618 | 55.8 | 702 | 50.7 | 774 | 54.9 | 3293 | <0.001 | |
By educational level | ||||||||||||||
At least O level | 59.4 | 986 | 59.3 | 1007 | 60.5 | 911 | 55.1 | 849 | 52.2 | 660 | 57.5 | 4413 | <0.001 | |
No qualifications | 60.8 | 812 | 53.8 | 742 | 54.5 | 724 | 55.5 | 829 | 49.4 | 878 | 54.5 | 3985 | <0.001 |