The effect of paternal and maternal influences on the length of the fetal femur at 24 weeks gestation. (Parameter estimates (95% confidence intervals) are shown for the increase/decrease in femur length at 24 weeks gestation, by gender, for a one standard deviation increase in separate paternal and maternal characteristics)
| Femur length at 24 weeks | ||
|---|---|---|
| Females (n=270) | Males (n=297) | |
| †Composite index: 0 = highest value, 4 = lowest. *p<0.05. | ||
| Mean (SD) (mm) | 43.42 (2.64) | 43.02 (2.53) |
| Paternal characteristics | ||
| Height (cm) | 0.56 (0.14 to 0.91)* | 0.42 (0.14 to 0.70)* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.35 (−0.80 to 0.10) | −0.18 (−0.56 to 0.10) |
| Socioeconomic status† | −0.04 (−0.32 to 0.24) | −0.45 (−0.75 to −0.15)* |
| Maternal characteristics | ||
| Height (cm) | −0.8 (−1.4 to −0.2)* | <0.1 (−1.2 to 1.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.03 (−0.31 to 0.24) | −0.18 (−0.36 to 0.07) |
| Smoker | −0.1 (−0.7 to 1.0) | −0.5 (−0.2 to 1.2) |
| Age (y) | 0.2 (−0.6 to 0.6) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7)* |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | −0.32 (−0.64 to <0.1)* | −0.18 (−0.46 to 0.10) |
| Parity >2 | 0.02 (−5.2 to 5.2) | −0.60 (−5.6 to 4.5) |