Estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) of educational differentials in excess mortality from cancer among Norwegian men and women, by cancer site, according to register and census data for 1960–1991†
| Women | Men | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Educational level (years) | Number of deaths | Estimates | Number of deaths | Estimates |
| †The models also included age, period, subsite, stage, and histological type/grade (the latter three only in the excess mortality term). ‡The subsite control variable had four categories: (i) pars pylorica, canalis, angulus, antrum, corpus, (ii) previously recessed due to benignant ulcer, (iii) several locations, and not specified, (iv) all other. The histological control variable had four categories: (i) well differentiated adenocarcinoma, (ii) moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma, (iii) poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or carcinoma, (iv) all other. §The subsite control variable had four categories: (i) caecum and colon ascendence, (ii) colon transversum and colon descendence, (iii) sigmoideum, (iv) rectum. The few other colon subsites and the anal channel were excluded. The histological control variable had four categories: (i) well differentiated adenocarcinoma, (ii) moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma, (iii) poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or carcinoma, (iv) all other. ¶The subsite control variable had three categories: (i) caput (head), (ii) pancreas not specified, (iii) all other. The histological control variable had four categories: (i) well differentiated adenocarcinoma, (ii) moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma, (iii) poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or carcinoma, (iv) all other. **Two histological control variables were included. One of them was grade: (i) well differentiated, (ii) moderately well differentiated, (iii) poorly differentiated, (iv) all other. The other was type: (i) squamous cell carcinoma, (ii) small cell carcinoma, (iii) adenocarcinoma, (iv) all other. ††The histological control variable had four categories, referring only to grade: (i) well differentiated, (ii) moderately well differentiated, (iii) poorly differentiated, (iv) all other. ‡‡Two histological control variables were included. One of them was grade: (i) well differentiated, (ii) moderately well differentiated, (iii) poorly differentiated, (iv) all other. The other was type (i) adenocarcinoma, (ii) squamous cell carcinoma, (iii) all other. §§Two histological control variables were included. One of them was grade: (i) well differentiated, (ii) moderately well differentiated, (iii) poorly differentiated, (iv) all other. The other was type (i) adenocarcinoma, (ii) adenosquamous carcinoma, adenocanthoma, (iii) leiomyoma, (iv) all other. ¶¶Two histological control variables were included. One of them was grade: (i) well differentiated, (ii) moderately well differentiated, (iii) poorly differentiated, (iv) all other. The other was type (i) adenocarcinoma, (ii) serous cystadenocarcinoma, (ii) mucinoust cystadenoma, (iv) all other. ***The histological control variable had four categories: (i) well differentiated adenocarcinoma or carcinoma, (ii) moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma or carcinoma, (iii) poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or carcinoma, (iv) all other. †††The few cancers in urethra were excluded. The histological control variable had four categories: (i) slightly atypical transitional and papillary tumor or (in older classification) well differentiated adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, (ii) somewhat atypical transitional or papillary tumor or (in older classification) moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, (iii) markedly atypical transitional or papillary tumor or (in older classification) poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, (iv) all other. ‡‡‡The subsite control variable had four categories: (i) head and neck, (ii) body excluding breast, (iii) upper extremeties/lower extremeties except feet, (iii) all other. The histological control variable had four categories: (i) malignant melanoma with superficial spread, invasive, (ii) nodular malignant melanoma, (iii) lentigo malignant melanoma, (iv) all other. §§§The histology/subsite variable had seven categories: (i) myelomatosis, (ii) chronic lymphoctyic leukaemia, (iii) chronic myelocytic leukaemia, (iv) acute leukaemia/blast leukaemia, (v) acute lymphocytic leukaemia, (vi) acute myelocytic leukaemia, (vii) all other leukaemia. Stage was not a relevant variable. ¶¶¶This particular model also included age, period, stage, and site (the latter two, when relevant, only in the excess mortality term). *Significant at the 0.05 level. | ||||
| Stomach‡ | ||||
| 7–9 | 5361 | 1 | 8809 | 1 |
| 10–12 | 1079 | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) | 2113 | 0.95* (0.90 to 0.99) |
| 13–16 | 135 | 0.96 (0.80 to 1.14) | 408 | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.04) |
| 17– | 128 | 0.85 (0.71 to 1.03) | ||
| Colon / rectum§ | ||||
| 7–9 | 6923 | 1 | 7089 | 1 |
| 10–12 | 1871 | 0.87* (0.82 to 0.92) | 2555 | 0.95* (0.90 to 1.00) |
| 13–16 | 352 | 0.89 (0.80 to 1.01) | 665 | 0.87* (0.80 to 0.96) |
| 17– | 292 | 0.83* (0.73 to 0.95) | ||
| Pancreas¶ | ||||
| 7–9 | 2597 | 1 | 3105 | 1 |
| 10–12 | 707 | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.13) | 1029 | 0.93* (0.87 to 1.00) |
| 13–16 | 119 | 0.79* (0.65 to 0.95) | 256 | 0.80* (0.71 to 0.92) |
| 17– | 85 | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.30) | ||
| Lung** | ||||
| 7–9 | 2798 | 1 | 11252 | 1 |
| 10–12 | 961 | 1.04 (0.96 to 1.12) | 3635 | 0.93* (0.89 to 0.97) |
| 13–16 | 185 | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.34) | 705 | 0.87* (0.81 to 0.94) |
| 17– | 254 | 0.82* (0.72 to 0.93) | ||
| Breast†† | ||||
| 7–9 | 8170 | 1 | ||
| 10–12 | 2721 | 0.91* (0.86 to 0.96) | ||
| 13– | 548 | 0.76* (0.69 to 0.84) | ||
| Cervix‡‡ | ||||
| 7–9 | 2650 | 1 | ||
| 10–12 | 624 | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) | ||
| 13– | 89 | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.14) | ||
| Corpus uteri§§ | ||||
| 7–9 | 1766 | 1 | ||
| 10–12 | 507 | 0.96 (0.95 to 1.08) | ||
| 13– | 95 | 0.89 (0.69 to 1.13) | ||
| Ovaries¶¶ | ||||
| 7–9 | 4540 | 1 | ||
| 10–12 | 1538 | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.06) | ||
| 13– | 298 | 0.91 (0.81 to 1.03) | ||
| Prostate*** | ||||
| 7–9 | 9310 | 1 | ||
| 10–12 | 3054 | 0.90* (0.85 to 0.95) | ||
| 13–16 | 693 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.06) | ||
| 17– | 314 | 0.66* (0.56 to 0.76) | ||
| Bladder††† | ||||
| 7–9 | 1176 | 1 | 3018 | 1 |
| 10–12 | 252 | 0.83* (0.71 to 0.97) | 1094 | 0.89* (0.81 to 0.97) |
| 13–16 | 47 | 0.70* (0.50 to 0.98) | 215 | 0.79* (0.66 to 0.94) |
| 17– | 91 | 0.59* (0.44 to 0.80) | ||
| Malignant melanoma‡‡‡ | ||||
| 7–9 | 606 | 1 | 895 | 1 |
| 10–12 | 298 | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.20) | 487 | 0.72* (0.63 to 0.83) |
| 13–16 | 71 | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.05) | 153 | 0.58* (0.47 to 0.72) |
| 17– | 63 | 0.60* (0.44 to 0.83) | ||
| Leukaemia§§§ | ||||
| 7–9 | 2518 | 1 | 3091 | 1 |
| 10–12 | 773 | 0.94 (0.86 to 1.02) | 1093 | 0.90* (0.83 to 0.97) |
| 13–16 | 121 | 0.84 (0.69 to 1.02) | 261 | 0.81* (0.71 to 0.93) |
| 17– | 117 | 0.72* (0.59 to 0.88) | ||
| All sites above¶¶¶ | ||||
| 7–9 | 38395 | 1 | 46323 | 1 |
| 10–12 | 11198 | 0.96* (0.94 to 0.98) | 14953 | 0.92* (0.90 to 0.93) |
| 13–16 | 2037 | 0.86* (0.82 to 0.91) | 3757 | 0.88* (0.84 to 0.91) |
| 17– | 1316 | 0.78* (0.73 to 0.83) | ||