Age adjusted change in levels of cardiovascular risk factors per standard deviation (SD) increase in (a) height, (b) leg length, (c) trunk length, (d) leg: trunk ratio and (e) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).* (continuous variables)
| (a) Height (change (95% CI), p value per SD increase in height) | (b) Leg length (change (95% CI), p value per SD increase in leg length) | (c) Trunk length (change (95% CI), p value per SD increase in trunk length) | (d) Leg: Trunk ratio (change (95% CI), p value per SD increase in ratio) | (e) FEV1 (change (95% CI), p value per SD increase in FEV1) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *All confidence intervals are adjusted for intra-family clustering. | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
| Men | −0.50 (−1.44 to 0.44) | −1.14 (−2.06 to −0.21) | 0.42 (−0.53 to 1.38) | −1.48 (−2.41 to –0.54) | −1.66 (−2.75 to −0.57) |
| p=0.29 | p=0.02 | p=0.39 | p=0.002 | p=0.003 | |
| Women | −0.68 (−1.53 to 0.17) | −1.09 (−1.93 to −0.25) | 0.08 (−0.79 to 0.95) | −1.17 (−2.02 to –0.32) | −1.81 (−2.77 to −0.85) |
| p=0.12 | p=0.01 | p=0.86 | p=0.01 | p<0.001 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
| Men | −0.25 (−0.93 to 0.44) | −0.87 (−1.56 to −0.18) | 0.60 (−0.06 to 1.27) | −1.32 (−1.98 to –0.67) | −1.11 (−1.82 to −0.39) |
| p=0.48 | p=0.01 | p=0.07 | p=0.02 | p=0.002 | |
| Women | −0.18 (−0.76 to 0.41) | −0.49 (−1.06 to 0.08) | 0.28 (−0.31 to 0.87) | −0.71 (−1.27 to –0.15) | −0.53 (−1.15 to 0.10) |
| p=0.55 | p=0.09 | p=0.35 | p=0.01 | p=0.10 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmo1/1) | |||||
| Men | −0.13 (−0.19 to −0.07) | −0.12 (−0.18 to −0.07) | −0.09 (−0.15 to −0.02) | −0.06 (−0.12 to 0.00) | −0.10 (−0.17 to −0.04) |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.01 | p=0.07 | p=0.001 | |
| Women | −0.10 (−0.16 to −0.05) | −0.11 (−0.16 to −0.06) | −0.06 (−0.11 to −0.01) | −0.07 (−0.12 to 0.02) | −0.12 (−0.18 to −0.06) |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.02 | p=0.01 | p<0.001 | |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmo1/1) | |||||
| Men | 0.00 (−0.02 to 0.02) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.04) | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.01) | 0.03 (0.00 to 0.05) | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.04) |
| p=0.95 | p=0.18 | p=0.17 | p=0.02 | p=0.31 | |
| Women | −0.00 (−0.02 to 0.02) | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.04) | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.00) | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.03) |
| p=0.96 | p=0.24 | p=0.09 | p=0.02 | p=0.47 | |
| Random glucose (mmo1/1) | |||||
| Men | −0.05 (−0.17 to 0.07) | −0.10 (−0.22 to 0.03) | 0.03 (−0.09 to 0.15) | −0.11 (−0.23 to 0.00) | −0.22 (−0.37 to −0.07) |
| p=0.43 | p=0.13 | p=0.65 | p=0.06 | p=0.01 | |
| Women | −0.01 (−0.07 to 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.08 to 0.06) | 0.00 (−0.07 to 0.07) | −0.06 (−0.12 to 0.01) |
| p=0.73 | p=0.79 | p=0.85 | p=0.95 | p=0.09 | |
| Fibrinogen (g/l) | |||||
| Men | −0.09 (−0.13 to −0.04) | −0.05 (−0.10 to −0.01) | −0.09 (−0.14 to −0.03) | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.07) | −0.17 (−0.22 to −0.11) |
| p<0.001 | p=0.02 | p=0.002 | p=0.61 | p<0.001 | |
| Women | −0.06 (−0.10 to −0.02) | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.03) | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.02) | −0.06 (−0.10 to –0.01) | −0.13 (−0.18 to −0.09) |
| p=0.01 | p=0.001 | p=0.34 | p=0.01 | p<0.001 | |
| White blood cell count (10−9/1) | |||||
| Men | 0.04 (−0.09 to 0.13) | 0.06 (−0.06 to 0.18) | −0.03 (−0.14 to 0.08) | 0.08 (−0.04 to 0.20) | −0.11 (−0.23 to 0.01) |
| p=0.72 | p=0.33 | p=0.61 | p=0.20 | p=0.06 | |
| Women | −0.14 (−0.25 to −0.04) | −0.04 (−0.15 to 0.07) | −0.21 (−0.31 to −0.10) | 0.11 (−0.01 to 0.22) | −0.27 (−0.39 to −0.15) |
| p=0.01 | p=0.46 | p<0.001 | p=0.06 | p<0.001 | |
| Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (1) | |||||
| Men | 0.28 (0.24 to 0.32) | 0.22 (0.19 to 0.26) | 0.24 (0.20 to 0.28) | 0.04 (0.00 to 0.09) | – |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.04 | ||
| Women | 0.20 (0.18 to 0.22) | 0.15 (0.13 to 0.18) | 0.18 (0.16 to 0.21) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | – |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.13 | ||
| Forced vital capacity (1) | |||||
| Men | 0.43 (0.38 to 0.47) | 0.35 (0.30 to 0.39) | 0.35 (0.30 to 0.40) | 0.09 (0.05 to 0.14) | – |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | ||
| Women | 0.30 (0.27 to 0.33) | 0.24 (0.21 to 0.27) | 0.26 (0.23 to 0.28) | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08) | – |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.001 | ||
| Recorded birth weight (kg) | |||||
| Men | 0.12 (0.07 to 0.17) | 0.12 (0.06 to 0.17) | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.14) | 0.05 (−0.01 to 0.11) | 0.09 (0.03 to 0.14) |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.001 | p=0.08 | p=0.002 | |
| Women | 0.13 (0.08 to 0.17) | 0.11 (0.05 to 0.16) | 0.12 (0.06 to 0.17) | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.08) | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.16) |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.50 | p=0.001 | |
| Body mass index | |||||
| Men | −0.10 (−0.37 to 0.18) | −0.59 (−0.87 to −0.31) | 0.52 (0.24 to 0.80) | −0.95 (−1.22 to –0.68) | −0.40 (−0.73 to −0.08) |
| p=0.48 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.01 | |
| Women | −0.54 (−0.81 to −0.26) | −0.89 (−1.15 to −0.62) | 0.08 (−0.19 to 0.36) | −0.97 (−1.24 to –0.70) | −0.45 (−0.78 to −0.12) |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.55 | p<0.001 | p=0.01 | |