Appendix 1

Traffic infractions recorded bny the Spanish Dirección General de Tráfico

Code	Infraction	Number	%
*Not coded in the database during 1990–1992; †not coded in the database during 1993–1999.
01	Distracted or inattentive*	34433	7.03
11	Incorrect use of vehicle lights/failure to use low beams for oncoming vehicles†	169	0.03
21	Driving in the wrong lane or in the wrong direction	10169	2.08
22	Partially invading opposite lane*	20078	4.10
23	Incorrect turn	13560	2.77
24	Illegal passing	12120	2.47
25	Zig-zagging	524	0.11
31	Violating the minimum safety distance between vehicles	25513	5.21
32	Unjustified braking	287	0.06
41	Failure to grant right of way	15296	3.12
42	Disobeying a traffic light	15768	3.22
43	Disobeying a stop sign	26918	5.49
44	Disobeying a yield sign	15341	3.13
45	Invading a pedestrian crossing	50	0.01
46	Disobeying any other traffic sign or a police instruction	937	0.19
51	Failure to correctly signal intention	462	0.09
52	Entering traffic flow carelessly	3109	0.63
53	Stopping in an illegal or dangerous place	220	0.04
71	Opening vehicle door into traffic	173	0.04
81	Other infraction	31041	6.33
91	No infraction	263841	53.84