Associations of work characteristics with health
| Model 1: work characteristics analysed separately† | Model 2: work characteristics analysed together‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Work characteristics | Men | Women | Men | Women |
| *Quartiles; †adjusted for demographics and measures of health behaviour (educational level, marital status, existence of dependent children, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, sedentariness); ‡adjusted for demographics, measures of health behaviour (see above) and other work characteristics; §odds ratio (95% CI); ¶rate ratio (95% CI). | ||||
| Self rated poor health§ | ||||
| Worktime control | ||||
| 4 (high)* | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 1.23 (0.85 to 1.76) | 1.28 (1.04 to 1.56) | 1.09 (0.76 to 1.58) | 1.18 (0.96 to 1.44) |
| 2 | 1.41 (0.99 to 2.01) | 1.59 (1.31 to 1.94) | 1.39 (0.97 to 1.99) | 1.42 (1.16 to 1.73) |
| 1 (low) | 1.36 (0.95 to 1.97) | 2.21 (1.80 to 2.72) | 1.22 (0.84 to 1.78) | 1.84 (1.49 to 2.28) |
| Job control | ||||
| 4 (high) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 1.55 (1.07 to 2.26) | 1.27 (1.03 to 1.57) | 1.63 (1.11 to 2.38) | 1.28 (1.03 to 1.59) |
| 2 | 1.60 (1.11 to 2.32) | 1.55 (1.26 to 1.90) | 1.74 (1.19 to 2.54) | 1.55 (1.26 to 1.92) |
| 1 (low) | 2.00 (1.34 to 2.97) | 1.96 (1.58 to 2.44) | 2.11 (1.40 to 3.20) | 1.86 (1.49 to 2.33) |
| Job demands | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 1.14 (0.79 to 1.65) | 1.64 (1.34 to 2.01) | 1.14 (0.78 to 1.65) | 1.57 (1.28 to 1.93) |
| 3 | 1.49 (1.05 to 2.09) | 2.00 (1.65 to 2.42) | 1.56 (1.10 to 2.20) | 1.93 (1.59 to 2.34) |
| 4 (high) | 1.77 (1.24 to 2.53) | 2.15 (1.76 to 2.62) | 1.95 (1.36 to 2.81) | 2.07 (1.69 to 2.54) |
| Psychological distress§ | ||||
| Worktime control | ||||
| 4 (high) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 0.94 (0.65 to 1.38) | 1.49 (1.22 to 1.83) | 1.83 (0.56 to 1.23) | 1.40 (1.13 to 1.72) |
| 2 | 1.22 (0.85 to 1.75) | 1.57 (1.28 to 1.92) | 1.18 (0.81 to 1.71) | 1.38 (1.12 to 1.70) |
| 1 (low) | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.67) | 1.99 (1.61 to 2.45) | 1.00 (0.67 to 1.48) | 1.61 (1.29 to 2.00) |
| Job control | ||||
| 4 (high) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 1.24 (0.84 to 1.83) | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.60) | 1.48 (0.99 to 2.22) | 1.31 (1.05 to 1.63) |
| 2 | 1.53 (1.04 to 2.24) | 1.63 (1.33 to 2.01) | 1.99 (1.33 to 2.99) | 1.69 (1.37 to 2.09) |
| 1 (low) | 2.12 (1.41 to 3.21) | 2.01 (1.61 to 2.50) | 2.79 (1.79 to 4.34) | 2.05 (1.63 to 2.58) |
| Job demands | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 1.23 (0.80 to 1.89) | 1.63 (1.30 to 2.05) | 1.23 (0.79 to 1.91) | 1.58 (1.25 to 1.98) |
| 3 | 1.84 (1.24 to 2.71) | 2.70 (2.19 to 3.33) | 1.95 (1.31 to 2.90) | 2.69 (2.18 to 3.31) |
| 4 (high) | 3.62 (2.47 to 5.31) | 4.20 (3.40 to 5.19) | 4.27 (2.88 to 6.33) | 4.20 (3.39 to 5.21) |
| Sickness absence¶ | ||||
| Worktime control | ||||
| 4 (high) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.19) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.16) | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.15) | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.14) |
| 2 | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.43) | 1.23 (1.14 to 1.31) | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.38) | 1.18 (1.10 to 1.26) |
| 1 (low) | 1.20 (1.03 to 1.41) | 1.22 (1.13 to 1.32) | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.33) | 1.15 (1.06 to 1.24) |
| Job control | ||||
| 4 (high) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.14) | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.20) | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.16) | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.20) |
| 2 | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) | 1.23 (1.14 to 1.33) | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.29) | 1.23 (1.14 to 1.33) |
| 1 (low) | 1.28 (1.10 to 1.50) | 1.32 (1.22 to 1.43) | 1.29 (1.09 to 1.52) | 1.28 (1.18 to 1.39) |
| Job demands | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 0.86 (0.75 to 1.00) | 1.16 (1.08 to 1.24) | 0.85 (0.73 to 0.98) | 1.14 (1.06 to 1.22) |
| 3 | 1.03 (0.90 to 1.18) | 1.12 (1.05 to 1.20) | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.21) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.19) |
| 4 (high) | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.27) | 1.26 (1.17 to 1.35) | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.32) | 1.24 (1.15 to 1.33) |