Associations of demographics and measures of health behaviour with poor health, psychological distress, and medically certified sickness absences adjusted for age
| Self rated poor health | Psychological distress | Sickness absence | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men OR (95% CI)* | Women OR (95% CI)* | Men OR (95% CI)* | Women OR (95% CI)* | Men RR (95% CI)† | Women RR (95% CI)† | |
| *Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals); †rate ratio (95% confidence intervals). | ||||||
| Age group (y) | ||||||
| 18–39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 40–49 | 2.39 (1.72 to 3.31) | 1.75 (1.48 to 2.07) | 1.79 (1.28 to 2.51) | 0.84 (0.72 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.12) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) |
| ≥50 | 3.80 (2.76 to 5.23) | 3.59 (3.03 to 4.24) | 1.56 (1.11 to 2.18) | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.26) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.13) | 1.15 (1.08 to 1.22) |
| Level of education | ||||||
| University | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| College | 1.66 (1.19 to 2.30) | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.37) | 1.12 (0.81 to 1.54) | 0.83 (0.69 to 0.99) | 1.70 (1.42 to 2.02) | 1.57 (1.45 to 1.70) |
| Vocational | 2.18 (1.55 to 3.05) | 1.49 (1.22 to 1.81) | 0.82 (0.58 to 1.17) | 0.67 (0.55 to 0.81) | 3.01 (2.56 to 3.54) | 2.02 (1.86 to 2.19) |
| None | 3.14 (2.27 to 4.34) | 1.90 (1.57 to 2.30) | 0.84 (0.59 to 1.19) | 0.74 (0.61 to 0.90) | 3.57 (3.05 to 4.18) | 2.42 (2.24 to 2.62) |
| Married or cohabiting | ||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 1.31 (0.97 to 1.77) | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.19) | 1.35 (0.98 to 1.86) | 1.22 (1.04 to 1.41) | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.22) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.10) |
| Dependent children | ||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 1.23 (0.98 to 1.55) | 1.31 (1.15 to 1.49) | 1.13 (0.88 to 1.45) | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.21) | 1.32 (1.20 to 1.46) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.10) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ex smoker | 1.21 (0.92 to 1.59) | 1.23 (1.07 to 1.41) | 1.10 (0.82 to 1.47) | 1.11 (0.96 to 1.28) | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.27) | 1.18 (1.12 to 1.24) |
| Current smoker | 1.55 (1.13 to 2.12) | 1.60 (1.34 to 1.90) | 1.16 (0.82 to 1.63) | 1.10 (0.92 to 1.32) | 1.61 (1.41 to 1.83) | 1.44 (1.36 to 1.54) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| 0–210 g/week | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| >210 g/week | 1.23 (0.94 to 1.61) | 0.90 (0.69 to 1.19) | 1.19 (0.89 to 1.59) | 1.29 (0.99 to 1.69) | 1.08 (0.97 to 1.21) | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.02) |
| Body mass index | ||||||
| <25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–30 | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.90) | 1.75 (1.52 to 2.01) | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.22) | 0.99 (0.85 to 1.15) | 1.27 (1.14 to 1.41) | 1.39 (1.31 to 1.46) |
| >30 | 3.97 (2.73 to 5.78) | 3.01 (2.48 to 3.66) | 1.34 (0.90 to 1.98) | 1.21 (0.98 to 1.49) | 1.79 (1.55 to 2.07) | 1.75 (1.64 to 1.87) |
| Sedentary lifestyle | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3.39 (2.52 to 4.56) | 2.19 (1.85 to 2.58) | 1.93 (1.43 to 2.62) | 1.38 (1.17 to 1.64) | 1.48 (1.32 to 1.66) | 1.18 (1.11 to 1.25) |