Sociodemographic, health, and functional risk factors for falls and for depression among community living elderly assessed at one year follow up (n=283)
| RR (95% CI)† | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Prevalence % | Falls‡ | Depression§ |
| *ph0.05; ** ph0.01; ***ph0.001; ****ph0.0001. †Unadjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ‡Falls: two or more falls in the past year. §Depression: total of seven or more on the short geriatric depression scale (GDS). | |||
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age >75 | 15.5 | 0.56 (0.18 to 1.77) | 0.81 (0.44 to 1.51) |
| Female | 58.8 | 3.93 (1.57 to 9.87)** | 1.67 (1.06 to 2.62)* |
| Education >10 y | 34.1 | 1.93 (0.99 to 3.77) | 1.22 (0.80 to 1.88) |
| Friends - infrequent meetings | 34.3 | 1.09 (0.56 to 2.13) | 1.78 (1.20 to 2.65)** |
| Family status - unmarried | 31.8 | 2.28 (1.21 to 4.30)* | 1.22 (0.81 to 1.85) |
| Health related | |||
| Poor and very poor health (self rated) | 23.7 | 4.82 (1.19 to 19.6)* | 4.0 (1.68 to 9.52)*** |
| Change for the worse in health status last 6 months (self rated) | 27.7 | 1.32 (0.67 to 2.59) | 1.45 (0.96 to 2.19) |
| ≥2 clinic visits per month | 30.1 | 1.76 (1.17 to 2.64)* | 2.58 (1.74 to 3.82)**** |
| ≥3 Chronic diseases | 62.0 | 2.27 (1.02 to 5.05)* | 2.04 (1.24 to 3.37)* |
| ≥3 Medications taken | 41.2 | 1.93 (1.01 to 3.69)* | 1.55 (1.04 to 2.32)* |
| Hospitalisation - any, during last year | 23.3 | 1.56 (0.75 to 3.23) | 1.69 (1.10 to 2.60)* |
| Vision problems | 15.9 | 0.95 (0.39 to 2.32) | 1.44 (0.89 to 2.34) |
| Hearing problems | 5.5 | 2.34 (0.95 to 5.80) | 1.36 (0.64 to 2.87) |
| Physical and leisure activities | |||
| ADL (any limitations) | 10.6 | 6.23 (3.51 to 11.04)**** | 3.76 (2.69 to 5.24)**** |
| IADL (2 or more limitations) | 34.7 | 5.89 (2.76 to 12.54)**** | 2.46 (1.64 to 3.68)**** |
| Total leisure activities <3 | 11.3 | 0.75 (0.58 to 0.96)*** | 1.91 (1.21 to 3.01)* |
| Physical activity (self rated) | 35.4 | 2.19 (1.16 to 4.14)* | 1.50 (1.0 to 2.25)* |
| Affective/cognitive | |||
| Depression at baseline | 16.8 | 2.83 (1.50 to 5.34)** | 1.85 (1.22 to 2.81)** |
| Cognitive impairment | 7.8 | 2.27 (0.97 to 5.30) | 1.99 (1.19 to 3.31)* |
| Falls and gait | |||
| > one fall past year | 11.2 | 6.64 (3.75 to 11.74)*** | 2.58 (1.74 to 3.82)**** |
| Near falls often or occasionally | 26.0 | 1.29 (1.10 to 1.51)**** | 1.57 (1.23 to 1.99)**** |
| Slow walking speed | 20.0 | 1.41 (1.16 to 1.73)**** | 1.75 (1.28 to 2.37)**** |
| Unsteady/uneven gait | 28.0 | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.43)**** | 1.64 (1.31 to 2.04)**** |
| Injurious fall in the past year | 8.5 | 1.35 (0.84 to 2.16) | 1.08 (0.63 to 1.87) |