Key areas influencing health
| Biological factors | age, sex, genetic factors |
| Personal / family circumstances and lifestyle | family structure and functioning, primary secondary / adult education, occupation, income, risk taking behaviour, diet, smoking, alcohol, substance misuse, exercise, recreation, means of transport (cycle / car ownership) |
| Social environment | culture, peer pressures, discrimination, social support neighbourliness, social networks / isolation), community / cultural / spiritual participation |
| Physical environment | air, water, housing conditions, working conditions, noise, smell, view, public safety, civic design, shops (location / range / quality), communications (road rail), land use, waste disposal, energy, local environmental features |
| Public services | access to (location / disabled access) and quality of primary / community / secondary health care, child care, social services, housing / leisure / employment social security services, public transport, policing, other health relevant public services, non-statutory agencies and services |
| Public policy | economic / social / environmental / health trends, local and national priorities, policies, programmes, projects |