Mean (SD) nutrient intakes from food of smokers and non-smokers
| Mean (SD) | Difference between means (95% CI) | p Value of difference2-150 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smokers (n=461) | Smokers (n=313) | ||||||
| Energy (MJ) | 8.59 (1.7) | 8.49 (1.9) | 0.10 (−0.16, 0.36) | 0.447 | |||
| Total fat (g) | 85.3 (22.1) | 86.3 (24.6) | −1.0 (−4.3, 2.3) | 0.555 | |||
| Protein (g) | 75.0 (16.6) | 71.4 (18.2) | 3.6 (1.1, 6.1) | 0.004 | |||
| Carbohydrate (g) | 257.5 (55.8) | 252.8 (59.4) | 4.7 (−3.5, 12.9) | 0.263 | |||
| Fibre (g) | 18.2 (5.4) | 17.1 (4.8) | 1.1 (0.4, 1.9) | 0.003 | |||
| Vitamin C (mg) | 90.7 (47.4) | 72.3 (47.6) | 18.4 (11.6, 25.2) | <0.001 | |||
| Vitamin E (mg) | 9.3 (4.4) | 8.7 (4.4) | 0.6 (0.0, 1.2) | 0.063 | |||
| Beta-carotene (μg) | 1168 (890) | 937 (789) | 231 (109, 354) | <0.001 | |||
| Total carotenoids (μg) | 1843 (1125) | 1323 (999) | 520 (365, 675) | <0.001 | |||
| Retinol (μg) | 428.3 (183.4) | 450.1 (336.9) | −21.8 (−58.7, 15.1) | 0.245 | |||
| Vitamin D (μg) | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.4 (1.3) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.4) | 0.044 | |||
| Thiamin (mg) | 1.58 (0.8) | 1.53 (1.4) | 0.05 (−0.11, 0.21) | 0.529 | |||
| Folate (μg) | 250.3 (73.8) | 230.3 (69.2) | 20.0 ( 9.7, 30.3) | <0.001 | |||
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 4.0 (1.6) | 3.8 (1.6) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.4) | 0.087 | |||
| Iron (mg) | 10.7 (3.0) | 10.1 (3.0) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.0) | 0.006 | |||
| Zinc (mg) | 8.3 (2.2) | 7.9 (2.2) | 0.4 (0.1, 0.7) | 0.013 | |||
| Calcium (mg) | 913.0 (275.4) | 898.9 (303.4) | 14.1 (−27.2, 55.4) | 0.503 | |||
| Selenium (μg) | 54.9 (22.2) | 51.4 (18.8) | 3.5 (0.5, 6.5) | 0.022 | |||
↵2-150 By t test.