Descriptive characteristics of cases and controls (percentages in parentheses)
| Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | ||||
| Number of subjects | 279 (100) | 938 (100) | 79 (100) | 1048 (100) | |||
| Age group | |||||||
| 25–34 | 5 (2) | 208 (22) | 0 (0) | 234 (22) | |||
| 35–44 | 34 (12) | 308 (33) | 6 (8) | 310 (30) | |||
| 45–54 | 120 (43) | 238 (25) | 22 (28) | 276 (26) | |||
| 55–64 | 120 (43) | 184 (20) | 51 (65) | 228 (22) | |||
| Own education | |||||||
| Primary | 59 (21) | 110 (12) | 39 (49) | 314 (30) | |||
| Apprenticeship | 132 (47) | 475 (51) | 24 (30) | 306 (29) | |||
| Secondary | 70 (25) | 253 (27) | 16 (20) | 370 (35) | |||
| University | 18 (7) | 100 (11) | 0 (0) | 58 (6) | |||
| Car ownership | |||||||
| No | 66 (24) | 235 (25) | 34 (43) | 329 (31) | |||
| Yes | 213 (76) | 703 (75) | 45 (57) | 719 (69) | |||
| Crowding | |||||||
| No | 187 (67) | 502 (54) | 62 (79) | 604 (58) | |||
| Yes | 92 (33) | 436 (46) | 17 (22) | 444 (42) | |||
| Mother's education | |||||||
| Primary/vocational | 250 (90) | 805 (86) | 72 (92) | 892 (86) | |||
| Secondary | 27 (10) | 122 (13) | 5 (6) | 142 (14) | |||
| University | 1 (0) | 9 (1) | 1 (1) | 7 (1) | |||
| Father's education | |||||||
| Primary/vocational | 232 (84) | 696 (75) | 65 (88) | 788 (76) | |||
| Secondary | 36 (13) | 206 (22) | 7 (9) | 216 (21) | |||
| University | 8 (3) | 28 (3) | 2 (3) | 30 (3) | |||
| Mother's occupation | |||||||
| Industrial worker | 74 (27) | 333 (36) | 20 (26) | 377 (37) | |||
| Agricultural worker | 67 (24) | 206 (22) | 19 (25) | 229 (22) | |||
| Non-manual | 24 (9) | 103 (11) | 6 (8) | 109 (11) | |||
| Professional | 26 (9) | 139 (15) | 3 (4) | 168 (16) | |||
| Not working | 86 (31) | 147 (16) | 28 (36) | 145 (14) | |||
| Father's occupation | |||||||
| Industrial worker | 136 (49) | 465 (50) | 38 (54) | 465 (46) | |||
| Agricultural worker | 59 (21) | 131 (14) | 16 (23) | 166 (16) | |||
| Non-manual | 41 (15) | 168 (18) | 12 (17) | 223 (22) | |||
| Professional | 36 (13) | 149 (16) | 3 (4) | 144 (14) | |||
| Not working | 3 (1) | 8 (1) | 1 (1) | 14 (1) | |||