Table 4

Weighted neighbourhood level hazard ratios^4-152 for injury mortality by cause of death and type of model used for persons aged 18–64 who responded to the National Health Interview Survey 1987–1994 with follow up until 1995 and linked to the 1990 US Census (n=472 364)

		Homicide				Suicide			Motor vehicle		Other external
		Demo^§	Full^¶			Demo	Full		Demo	Full	Demo	Full
Socioeconomic status
Family income
$0–25 953	3.96^†	2.66^**		1.08	0.95		2.23^†	1.73^**	2.61^†	1.46
$25 953–33 271	2.02^*	1.64		1.53^*	1.46^*		2.19^†	1.89^†	1.78^**	1.24
$33 271–42 933	2.99^**	2.67^**		1.04	1.01		1.50^*	1.38^*	1.60^*	1.28
$42 933–150 001	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Poverty
0–13.6%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
13.6–24.8%	2.03^**	1.81^*		0.99	0.95		1.24	1.13	1.47^*	1.20
24.8–38.1%	1.61	1.27		1.53^*	1.44^*		2.26^†	1.93^†	2.06^†	1.44^*
38.1–100%	3.08^†	2.00^*		1.05	0.91		1.94^**	1.48^*	2.81^†	1.57^*
Education
0–14.9%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
14.9–24.0%	2.05^*	1.92^*		0.90	0.87		1.39	1.30	1.25	1.07
24.0–35.6%	2.34^**	1.99^*		1.18	1.10		1.84^**	1.60^**	1.60^*	1.19
35.6–83.1%	3.92^†	2.73^**		0.90	0.77		2.26^†	1.75^**	2.29^†	1.36
Housing value
$0–46 200	2.21^**	1.65^*		1.28	1.22		1.91^†	1.60^**	1.65^**	1.10
$46 200–68 400	1.59	1.39		0.99	0.98		1.63^**	1.49^**	1.13	0.90
$68 400–121 000	1.70^*	1.61		1.02	1.03		1.29	1.24	0.81	0.72
$121 000–500 001	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Crowded housing
0–1.2%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
1.2–2.7%	1.29	1.20		1.30	1.27		1.16	1.08	1.99^**	1.78^**
2.7–5.8%	1.31	1.11		1.45^*	1.38		1.43^*	1.27	2.53^†	2.07^**
5.8–69.4%	2.24^**	1.70^*		0.96	0.86		1.42^*	1.16	2.75^†	1.96^**
Blue collar
0–33.9%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
33.9–45.7%	1.64	1.46		0.94	0.91		1.55^**	1.43^*	1.13	0.92
45.7–56.7%	1.69	1.33		1.12	1.05		2.07^†	1.80^†	1.63^**	1.17
56.7–100%	2.32^**	1.64		1.00	0.92		2.32^†	1.88^†	1.92^†	1.21
Racial concentration
Black
0–0.4%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
0.4–2.3%	1.18	1.23		1.10	1.10		0.71^*	0.73^*	0.98	1.06
2.3–13.1%	1.07	1.06		1.48^*	1.43^*		0.74^*	0.74^*	1.18	1.17
13.1–100%	2.51^**	2.16^**		1.20	1.11		0.96	0.87	1.42	1.20
Hispanic
0–0.5%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
0.5–1.7%	1.14	1.27		1.38	1.40		0.81	0.86	0.58^**	0.64^**
1.7–6.7%	0.81	0.94		1.19	1.20		0.73^*	0.79	0.73	0.84
6.7–98.0%	1.37	1.43		1.17	1.12		0.75	0.74	0.94	0.93
Residential stability
Mobility
0–48.3%	1.18	1.26		1.42	1.38		0.80	0.80	0.78	0.77
48.3–57.0%	1.41	1.48		1.40	1.40		0.97	0.98	0.86	0.87
57.0–64.4%	1.31	1.36		1.45^*	1.45^*		1.04	1.05	0.82	0.83
64.4–90.4%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Unemployment
0–2.6%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
2.6–3.7%	0.84	0.77		1.04	1.00		1.00	0.94	1.51^*	1.32
3.7–5.4%	1.07	0.91		1.24	1.16		1.48^**	1.32	1.64^**	1.31
5.4–26.9%	1.83^*	1.29		0.97	0.83		1.61^**	1.27	2.27^†	1.44
Housing tenure
0–19.2%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
19.2–29.2%	1.62	1.53		1.20	1.17		1.00	0.95	0.86	0.78
29.2–46.9%	1.61	1.49		1.25	1.19		1.03	0.95	0.83	0.73
46.9–100%	1.82^*	1.59		1.36	1.21		0.82	0.72^*	1.30	1.02
Family structure
Female headship
0–6.9%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
6.9–9.7%	1.86	1.82		1.23	1.21		0.95	0.92	1.11	1.07
9.7–14.4%	3.05^**	2.79^**		1.47^*	1.40		1.01	0.93	1.18	1.03
14.4–80.1	4.59^†	3.50^**		1.18	1.05		0.99	0.80	1.68^**	1.17
Poor female headship
0–1.0%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
1.0–2.6%	2.11^*	1.93^*		1.22	1.20		1.52^**	1.41^*	1.68^*	1.44
2.6–6.3%	1.85^*	1.55		1.62^*	1.54^*		1.69^**	1.47^**	1.61^*	1.21
6.3–74.4%	3.30^†	2.31^**		1.20	1.06		1.87^†	1.46^*	2.47^†	1.52
Divorced
0–7.5%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
7.5–10.1%	2.67^**	2.57^**		0.94	0.92		1.01	0.96	1.28	1.18
10.1–13.6%	1.86	1.79		1.27	1.22		1.05	0.98	1.07	0.96
13.6–38.7%	3.00^**	2.61^**		1.45	1.32		0.83	0.73	1.42	1.13
Urbanisation
Multi-unit housing
0–1.5%	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
1.5–7.7%	1.26	1.26		1.13	1.12		0.80	0.80	1.08	1.07
7.7–21.9%	1.40	1.46		0.95	0.93		0.65^**	0.66^**	0.76	0.78
21.9–100	1.16	1.21		1.02	0.96		0.54^**	0.54^**	0.95	0.95
Urban
Yes	1.48	1.62		0.90	0.88		0.60^†	0.64^†	0.62^**	0.68^**
No	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00

↵4-152 Estimates are adjusted for sample design and each neighbourhood variable is entered separately. ^§Demo = demographic model adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity. ^¶Full = full model adjusting for demographic characteristics, marital status, income to needs, educational attainment, employment/occupational status. ^*p<0.05^**p<0.01 ^†p<0.0001.