Rate ratios of subsequent sick leaves by the level of and change in psychosocial work environment
| Level of psychosocial work characteristics in 1990 | Change in psychosocial work characteristics between 1990 and 1993 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good | Poor | Improved | Impaired | ||||||
| Individual | Aggregate adjusted rate ratio (95% CI)† | Individual | Aggregate adjusted rate ratio (95% CI)‡ | ||||||
| Unadjusted rate ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted rate ratio (95% CI)† | Unadjusted rate ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted rate ratio (95% CI)‡ | ||||||
| Job control3-150 | |||||||||
| Job control (total) | 1.00 | 1.25 (1.10, 1.41) | 1.24 (1.09, 1.41) | 1.56 (1.38, 1.77) | 1.00 | 1.31 (1.21, 1.42) | 1.30 (1.19, 1.41) | 1.27 (1.08, 1.51) | |
| Skill discretion | 1.00 | 1.18 (1.03, 1.34) | 1.15 (1.00, 1.32) | 1.60 (1.41, 1.82) | 1.00 | 1.34 (1.22, 1.46) | 1.34 (1.22, 1.47) | 1.71 (1.41, 2.07) | |
| Decision authority | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.92, 1.18) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.22) | 1.24 (1.09, 1.41) | 1.00 | 1.25 (1.16, 1.35) | 1.23 (1.14, 1.34) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) | |
| Participation in decision making | 1.00 | 1.46 (1.29, 1.66) | 1.42 (1.24, 1.62) | 1.58 (1.40, 1.80) | 1.00 | 1.18 (1.08, 1.28) | 1.13 (1.04, 1.23) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.41) | |
| Predictability | 1.00 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.30) | 1.15 (1.01, 1.30) | 1.65 (1.45, 1.88) | 1.00 | 1.17 (1.08, 1.26) | 1.17 (1.09, 1.27) | 1.34 (1.16, 1.55) | |
| Social interaction3-150 | |||||||||
| Social support (coworker) | 1.00 | 1.26 (1.11, 1.43) | 1.23 (1.08, 1.40) | 1.30 (1.14, 1.47) | 1.00 | 1.29 (1.20, 1.39) | 1.30 (1.20, 1.41) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | |
| Social support (supervisor) | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.97, 1.24) | 1.12 (0.99, 1.28) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.00 | 1.13 (1.04, 1.22) | 1.15 (1.06, 1.24) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.96) | |
| Job stressors3-150 | |||||||||
| Psychological demands | 1.00 | 1.21 (1.07, 1.38) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.38) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.00) | 1.00 | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18) | 1.10 (1.03, 1.17) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | |
| Physical demands | 1.00 | 1.73 (1.52, 1.98) | 1.66 (1.45, 1.90) | 1.77 (1.56, 2.01) | 1.00 | 1.18 (1.10, 1.26) | 1.15 (1.07, 1.24) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) | |
↵3-150 Cut off points for level refer to ±1 SD and for change to ±0.5 SD. †Rate ratios for sick leave associated with level of predictors adjusted for poor health habits (high alcohol consumption, smoking and sedentary lifestyle) and biological risk factors (high body mass index). ‡Rate ratios for sick leave associated with change in job characteristics adjusted for level of predictor before change, poor health habits (high alcohol consumption, smoking and sedentary lifestyle) and biological risk factors (high body mass index).