Characteristics of respondents to the first questionnaire (n=1829)
| Variable | Respondents (n=1829) |
| Age, n (%) | |
| 18–44 years | 1230 (67) |
| 45–64 years | 599 (33) |
| Men, n (%) | 894 (49) |
| Marital status: living with partner, n (%) | 601 (33) |
| Educational level, n (%) | |
| Higher and intermediate | 634 (35) |
| Lower | 1049 (57) |
| Missing | 146 (8) |
| Ethnic background, n (%) | |
| Native Dutch | 450 (25) |
| Turkish/Moroccan | 448 (25) |
| Antillean/Surinamese | 488 (27) |
| Refugee/other immigrants | 404 (23) |
| Duration on social benefit, n (%) | |
| <1 year | 478 (27) |
| Between 1 and 5 years | 512 (29) |
| ≥5 years | 759 (43) |
| Started with re-employment training, n (%) | 541 (30) |
| Self-esteem, scale 1–4, mean (SD) | 2.48 (0.6) |
| Mastery, scale 1–4, mean (SD) | 2.89 (0.5) |