Table 2

Cause specific mortality hazard ratios according to level of crowding in the childhood home

Cause of death (number of deaths)Crowding index range (number of individuals in category)p Value
for trend
<1.5
(623)		1.5–<2.5: reference (1447)2.5–<3.5
(810)		⩾3.5
(511)
All cause(761)unadjusted2-150 0.65 (0.51, 0.84)1.01.02 (0.84, 1.24)0.99 (0.79, 1.24)0.02
adjusted2-151 0.76 (0.57, 1.01)1.00.99 (0.81, 1.20)0.92 (0.73, 1.16)0.56
CHD(222)unadjusted2-150 0.72 (0.48, 1.09)1.01.12 (0.77, 1.64)1.11 (0.69, 1.78)0.11
adjusted2-151 0.74 (0.47, 1.14)1.01.13 (0.77, 1.66)1.17 (0.71, 1.91)0.15
Stroke(107)unadjusted2-150 0.40 (0.16, 1.01)1.00.59 (0.29, 1.18)0.99 (0.44, 2.25)0.53
adjusted2-151 0.38 (0.14, 1.04)1.00.63 (0.31, 1.28)1.07 (0.47, 2.43)0.50
Cancer(237)unadjusted2-150 0.79 (0.53, 1.20)1.01.08 (0.77, 1.51)0.87 (0.56, 1.34)0.67
adjusted2-151 1.08 (0.70, 1.68)1.00.99 (0.71, 1.38)0.73 (0.46, 1.16)0.21
Cancers not related to smoking(110)unadjusted2-150 0.75 (0.43, 1.29)1.00.89 (0.54, 1.46)0.73 (0.38, 1.39)0.84
adjusted2-151 1.13 (0.62, 2.08)1.00.80 (0.48, 1.31)0.60 (0.30, 1.20)0.10
Lung cancer(72)unadjusted2-150 0.53 (0.23, 1.21)1.01.21 (0.69, 2.10)1.06 (0.55, 2.02)0.20
adjusted2-151 0.59 (0.25, 1.40)1.01.05 (0.60, 1.86)0.93 (0.47, 1.81)0.61

  • ↵2-150 All models were stratified by sex and district, and robust standard errors calculated to account for clustering within families.

  • ↵2-151 Adjusted for year of birth, income, food expenditure, childhood social class, and adult Townsend score.