RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Violent crime and socioeconomic deprivation in shaping asthma-related pollution susceptibility: a case-crossover design JF Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health JO J Epidemiol Community Health FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP 846 OP 853 DO 10.1136/jech-2018-211816 VO 73 IS 9 A1 Perry E Sheffield A1 Jessie L C Shmool A1 Ellen J Kinnee A1 Jane E Clougherty YR 2019 UL http://jech.bmj.com/content/73/9/846.abstract AB Background The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the relative influence of community violent crime and socioeconomic deprivation in modifying associations between ozone and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma among children.Methods We used a spatiotemporal case-crossover analysis for all New York City EDs for the months May–September from 2005 to 2011 from a statewide administrative ED dataset. The data included 11 719 asthmatic children aged 5–18 years, and the main outcome measure was percentage of excess risk of asthma ED visit based on Cox regression analysis.Results Stronger ozone–asthma associations were observed for both elevated crime and deprivation (eg, on lag day 2, we found 20.0% (95% CI 10.2% to 30.6 %) and 21.0% (10.5% to 32.5%) increased risk per 10 ppb ozone, for communities in the highest vs lowest quartiles of violent crime and deprivation, respectively). However, in varied models accounting for both modifiers, only violence retained significance.Conclusions The results suggest stronger spatiotemporal ozone–asthma associations in communities of higher violent crime or deprivation. Notably, violence was the more consistent and significant modifier, potentially mediating a substantial portion of socioeconomic position–related susceptibility.