@article {Samoli960, author = {E Samoli and A Zanobetti and J Schwartz and R Atkinson and A LeTertre and C Schindler and L P{\'e}rez and E Cadum and J Pekkanen and A Paldy and G Touloumi and K Katsouyanni}, title = {The temporal pattern of mortality responses to ambient ozone in the APHEA project}, volume = {63}, number = {12}, pages = {960--966}, year = {2009}, doi = {10.1136/jech.2008.084012}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {Background: The temporal pattern of effects of summertime ozone (O3) in total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were investigated in 21 European cities participating in the APHEA-2 (Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach) project, which is fundamental in determining the importance of the effect in terms of life loss.Methods: Data from each city were analysed separately using distributed lag models with up to 21 lags. City-specific air pollution estimates were regressed on city-specific covariates to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity.Results: Stronger effects on respiratory mortality that extend to a period of 2 weeks were found. A 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 was associated with a 0.36\% (95\% CI -0.21\% to 0.94\%) increase in respiratory deaths for lag 0 and with 3.35\% (95\% CI 1.90\% to 4.83\%) for lags 0{\textendash}20. Significant adverse health effects were found of summer O3 (June{\textendash}August) on total and cardiovascular mortality that persist up to a week, but are counterbalanced by negative effects thereafter.Conclusions: The results indicate that studies on acute health effects of O3 using single-day exposures may have overestimated the effects on total and cardiovascular mortality, but underestimated the effects on respiratory mortality.}, issn = {0143-005X}, URL = {https://jech.bmj.com/content/63/12/960}, eprint = {https://jech.bmj.com/content/63/12/960.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Epidemiology \& Community Health} }