TY - JOUR T1 - Back to back housing, courts, and privies: the slums of 19th century England JF - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health JO - J Epidemiol Community Health SP - 654 LP - 654 VL - 60 IS - 8 AU - J R Ashton Y1 - 2006/08/01 UR - http://jech.bmj.com/content/60/8/654.abstract N2 - The industrial revolution in England had by the beginning of the 19th century led to what we would now call rapid urbanisation. Push factors from the rural areas (poverty, disease, changes in agriculture, displacement of peasant farmers) and pull factors from the cities (industrialisation and the growth of Empire) led to huge urban growth in places … ER -