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Moderate coffee consumption reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B chronic carriers: a case–control study
  1. Winnie Wing-man Leung1,
  2. Suzanne C Ho1,2,
  3. Henry L Y Chan3,
  4. Vincent Wong3,
  5. Winnie Yeo4,
  6. Tony S K Mok4
  1. 1School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
  2. 2Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
  3. 3Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
  4. 4Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
  1. Correspondence to Ms Winnie W Leung, c/o Ms Joyce Leung, 2/F PEC Building, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; winnieleung{at}cuhk.edu.hk

Abstract

Background Recent epidemiological studies have reported a dose-dependent protective effect of coffee on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with risk reduction ranging from 30% to 80% in daily coffee drinkers compared with non-drinkers. This study examined whether coffee has a similar protective effect when consumed in moderate quantities in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, a group at high risk of developing liver cancer.

Methods A case–control design was employed. 234 HBV chronic carriers (109 cases and 125 controls) were recruited from the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong from December 2007 to May 2008. Data collection included review of medical records and face-to-face interview. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions adjusting for age, gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, tea consumption and physical activity were conducted with dose–response analysis.

Results Moderate coffee consumption significantly reduced the risk of HCC by almost half (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.97) with a significant dose–response effect (χ2=5.41, df=1, p=0.02), reducing the risk for moderate drinkers by 59% (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.89).

Conclusion The findings provided evidence to support the protective effect of coffee consumption in moderate quantities in HBV chronic carriers.

  • cancer epidemiology
  • coffee
  • health-related behaviour
  • hepatitis
  • hepatitis B chronic carriers
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • protective factor

https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.104125

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    Footnotes

    • Funding This study was funded by the Centre for Research and Promotion of Women's Health at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.

    • Competing interests None.

    • Patient consent Obtained.

    • Ethics approval This study was conducted with the approval of the Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Ethics Committee.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.