Background Infant food insecurity is a growing public health problem in high-income countries. We have conducted a comprehensive review of interventions, policies, and programmes aimed at addressing infant food insecurity in high-income countries. This scoping review aims to describe interventions to improve or mitigate infant food insecurity in high-income countries.

Methods We followed the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for conducting scoping reviews. Extensive searches were conducted across major electronic databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO (ProQuest), ASSIA, WoS, as well as a wide array of additional sources, including government websites, publications from public and private institutions, materials from charitable organisations, and reports from national and international bodies. Data extracted from the selected sources were presented in tabular form and summarised narratively.

Results We screened 6194 citations identified by the literature searches and retrieved 104 articles. After full-text assessment, only 2 studies, conducted in the USA, met our inclusion criteria and were deemed suitable for inclusion. Both studies were conducted within the United States. The Keeping Infants Nourished and Developing (KIND) intervention improved preventive care for food-insecure families with infants, with higher test completion rates and increased well-infant visits. However, it did not affect the weight-for-length assessed at 9 months. The Group Well-Child Care intervention (GWCC), which aimed at promoting responsive feeding among low-income caregivers, showed no significant impact on infant growth in the first year. The analysis of caregiver interviews revealed important feeding-related themes such as structural barriers limit access to healthy foods through WIC and conflicting sources of nutrition advice challenge parental decision-making etc.

Conclusion Interventions such as the KIND and GWCC programmes showed mixed results. It is important to note that, at present, there is limited evidence on interventions that specifically target infant food insecurity. More research is required to comprehend the complexities of meeting the nutritional needs of vulnerable populations during infancy and to develop more effective interventions and their evaluation.