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Treatment gaps, 1-year readmission and mortality following myocardial infarction by diabetes status, sex and socioeconomic disadvantage
  1. Jedidiah I Morton1,2,3,
  2. Jenni Ilomäki2,3,
  3. Stephen J Wood3,
  4. J Simon Bell2,3,4,
  5. Quan Huynh1,
  6. Dianna J Magliano1,2,
  7. Jonathan E Shaw1,2
  1. 1 Diabetes and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  2. 2 School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
  3. 3 Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  4. 4 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
  1. Correspondence to Mr Jedidiah I Morton, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; jedidiah.morton{at}baker.edu.au

Abstract

Aims We evaluated variation in treatment for, and outcomes following, myocardial infarction (MI) by diabetes status, sex and socioeconomic disadvantage.

Methods We included all people aged ≥30 years who were discharged alive from hospital following MI between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2017 in Victoria, Australia (n=43 272). We assessed receipt of inpatient procedures and discharge dispensing of cardioprotective medications for each admission, as well as 1-year all-cause, cardiovascular, and MI readmission rates and 1-year all-cause mortality.

Results Risk of all-cause (HR: 1.22 (1.19–1.26)), cardiovascular (1.29 (1.25–1.34)), MI (1.52 (1.43–1.62)) and heart failure readmission (1.62 (1.50–1.75)) and mortality (1.18 (1.11–1.26)) were higher in people with diabetes. Males and people in more disadvantaged areas were at increased risk of readmission and mortality following MI. People with diabetes (vs without) were more likely to receive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) but less likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during, or within 30 days of, their index admission. Females were less likely to receive either (eg, 87% of males with a STEMI received PCI or CABG vs 70% of females), and people in more disadvantaged areas were less likely to receive PCI. People with diabetes, males and people in more disadvantaged areas were more likely to be dispensed cardioprotective medications at or within 90 days of discharge.

Conclusions Following an MI, people with diabetes and males had poorer outcomes but received more intensive cardiovascular treatments. However, socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with both less intensive inpatient treatment and poorer outcomes.

  • CORONARY HEART DISEASE
  • DIABETES MELLITUS
  • SOCIAL CLASS

Data availability statement

No data are available. The data analysed in this study are unavailable due to privacy concerns.

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Data availability statement

No data are available. The data analysed in this study are unavailable due to privacy concerns.

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Footnotes

  • DJM and JES are joint senior authors.

  • Presented at Parts of this work were presented in abstract form at the American Diabetes Association’s 81st Scientific Sessions (June 2021).

  • Contributors JM contributed to the design of the study and interpretation of data, performed the statistical analysis and literature search and wrote and revised the manuscript. JI, SJW, and JSB contributed to the design of the study, acquisition and interpretation of data and revision of the manuscript. QH contributed to interpretation of data and revision of the manuscript. DJM and JES are principal investigators and made contributions to the design of the study, interpretation of the data and revision of the manuscript. JM is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript.

  • Funding JM is supported by an Australian Government Research Training ProgramProgramme (RTP) Scholarship and Monash Graduate Excellence Scholarship. JSB is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Dementia Leadership Fellowship (GNT1140298). JES is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Grant (APP1173952). This work is partially supported by the Victorian Government’s Operational Infrastructure Support Programme.

  • Competing interests Duality of interest: JI has consulted for AstraZeneca Australia and Amgen. JSB has received research grant funding paid to his employer from National Health and Medical Research Council, Victorian Government Department of Health, Dementia Australia Research Foundation, Yulgilbar Foundation, Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission, GlaxoSmithKline Supported Studies Programme, and aged care provider organisations unrelated to this work. JES has received honoraria from: Astra Zeneca, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, MSD; Eli Lilly, Abbott, Mylan and Boehringer Ingelheim.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

  • Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.