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Original research
Health trends, inequalities and opportunities in South Africa’s provinces, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study

Authors

  • Tom Achoki Research, Africa Institute for Health Policy, Nairobi, Kenya Center for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Benn Sartorius Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • David Watkins Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Scott D Glenn Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Andre Pascal Kengne Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Council South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Tolu Oni MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Charles Shey Wiysonge School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Alexandra Walker Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Olatunji O Adetokunboh Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Tesleem Kayode Babalola Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Mareli M Claassens Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Richard G Cowden Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Park WEst, Free State, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Candy T Day Health Systems Research Unit, Health System Trust, Westville, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Oluchi Ezekannagha Independent Consultant, Awka, Nigeria International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Themba G Ginindza Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Chidozie C D Iwu School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Chinwe Juliana Iwu Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Innocent Karangwa Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Patrick DMC Katoto Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Centre for Tropical Diseases and Global Health, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Nuworza Kugbey University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Desmond Kuupiel School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Department of Nursing, Research for Sustainable Development Consult, Sunyani, Ghana PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Phetole Walter Mahasha Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Tivani Phosa Mashamba-Thompson Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • George A Mensah Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Chukwudi A Nnaji School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Mpiko Ntsekhe Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa The Cardiac Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Thomas Elliot Nyirenda Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), European Commission, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Julius Nyerere Odhiambo Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Department of Management Science and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Kwaku Oppong Asante Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Charles D H Parry Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Julian David Pillay Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Aletta Elisabeth Schutte School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Soraya Seedat Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Karen Sliwa Hatter Institute Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Dan J Stein Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Frank C Tanser University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Africa Health Research Institute, Berea, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Ushotanefe Useh Health Sciences Department, North-West University, Mmbatho, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Heather J Zar Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Medical Research Council South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Liesl J Zühlke Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Bongani M Mayosi University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Simon I Hay Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Christopher J L Murray Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Mohsen Naghavi Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  1. Correspondence to Prof Mohsen Naghavi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA; nagham{at}uw.edu
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Citation

Achoki T, Sartorius B, Watkins D, et al
Health trends, inequalities and opportunities in South Africa’s provinces, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study
J Epidemiol Community Health 2022;76:471-481.

Publication history

  • Received June 15, 2021
  • Accepted December 14, 2021
  • First published January 19, 2022.
Online issue publication 
July 06, 2022

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.