Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is highly prevalent in Mongolia, where approximately 4000 TB cases reported each year. The goal of this study is to determine the incidence of tuberculosis particularly MDR-TB cases registered in Mongolia.

Methods A descriptive method was used to study the incidence of MDR-TB reported in Mongolia. The information including age, gender, date of diagnosis, type of drug resistance, treatment outcomes were taken from national report.

Results Since the first diagnosis of MDR-TB in Mongolia, a total of 419 MDR-TB cases or 1.6 per cases per 10 000 population were registered to date, which indicates the increasing tendency in the recent years. Average age (±SD) of 419 MDR-TB cases was 32.3±10.9, and 245 (58.5%) were males. The highest MDR-TB morbidity reported in Selenge, Darhan-Uul, Dornod provinces. More than 60% of all MDR-TB cases were reported in Ulaanbaatar city. One hundred seventy nine (42.7%) patients out of all confirmed MDR-TB cases are enrolled in treatment, 133 (31.7%) are died prior to start treatment, 5 (1.2%) are treated in non NTP units, 3 (0.7%) are refused to receive MDR-TB treatment, 99 (23.6% patients are in waiting list. The deaths are highly reported (61.8%) since 2003 while the management of MDR-TB cases was in beginning stage and Second-line drugs was not procured.

Conclusion Incidences of tuberculosis as well as MDR-TB have been increasing during the last years in Mongolia so that early diagnosis and proper management is urgently required in this regard.